4. C Programming
Structured programming
The programming that follows a top-
down approach, on which developers separate the overall program structure into
different sub selection, is called structured programming.
Advantages
of structured programming
a)
It is easy to design code and test
the program modules independently
b)
It is possible to use a single
module in different in different places which reduces program codes.
C language
C language is a structured programming language that divides program into many
functions.
Dennis
Ritchie at Bell telephone laboratory developed C-language in 1972 AD.
C
is called middle level language because it combines elements of high level
language with some features of assembler.
C
is mostly used to write system program such as operating system, language,
compiler, text editor, language interpreters, utilities, etc.
Data types used in C
Data
type are means to identify the type data and associated operation of handling
it.
Data types used in C language
a)
char b) int c) float d) double
Characteristics of C language
a)
It
is a high level language with some features of low level language.
b)
It
is mostly used to prepare system software.
c)
It
has enough number of inbuilt functions and operators.
d)
It
occupies less memory space.
Advantages of C language
a)
It is machine independent
programming language
b)
It is easy to learn and implemented
C language
c)
It can be implemented from mobile
device to mainframe computers.
d)
It is the mother of all modern
programming language like python, pearl 5 and PHP
Disadvantages of C language
a)
There is no runtime checking. It has
poor errors detection system.
b)
On large programs , it is hard to
find errors.
c)
There is no strict type checking int
data type to float variables.
d)
It does not support modern
programming methodologies oriented programming language.
Counter
Counter is a variable which controls
the loop statement and provides the track to run the loop statement in certain
number times.
Accumulator
Accumulator is a numeric variable
which accumulates the values in a loop statement.
Variable
A
variable is a location in the memory of a computer whose value may change
during the execution of program.
Constant
Constant
are the values that do not change during the execution of a program.
Operator [SQE 2075K]
Operators
are special symbols that are meant for specific tasks or operators.
The
different types of C operators are:- Arithmetic operators, Assignment
operators, Unary operators, Relational
operators, Logical operators and Conditional operators.
Arithmetic
operators are the operators that are used for manipulating arithmetic data and
performs arithmetic operation. The arithmetic operators are:- +,
- , * , / and
%
The
operator that operate on one operand variable or constant is called urinary
operator. E.g. ++, - -
Logical Operator [SEE 2075]
The
operators used for logical operation is called logical operator.
Selection statement.
Selection
statement is a statement that allows the selective execution o statements
depending on the value of an an expression. The selection statements of C
program are:- If statement and Switch
statement
Loop
A set of statements which is used to
repeat a block of statements for a specific number of times or as long as the
condition is true/false is called loop.
The looping statements provided by
care:-For loop, While loop and Do.....while loop
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