Class 9 - Computer Architecture / System - Input - Output - Store - Process

 Class 9 - Computer Architecture / System - Input - Output - Store - Process

1. What do you mean by computer architecture? List the parts of computer system.

Computer architecture or model is a specification detailing how a set of software and hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system. The parts of computer system are hardware, software, data and user.

 

2. What is computer system? Write its basic hardware components.

A computer system is a combination of all the functional components of a computer and its associated hardware that work together to accomplish one or more common goals. Its basic hardware components are input devices, central processing unit, output devices and storage devices.

 

3. What is input unit?

The unit of computer system which is used for entering data and instructions to the computer is called input unit.

 

4. Explain the importance of processing unit.

Processing Unit is the main part of the computer that receives the data and instruction from the input unit and processes those for desired result. This unit is also responsible for processing and controlling the entire operations of computer system. This unit is popularly known as CPU (Central Processing Unit). It is divided into three sections according to the task they perform. They are mentioned below: Memory Unit (MU) as. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit (CU)

 

5. Write the role of ALU in the processing unit.

The role of ALU in the processing unit is to perform operations such as addition, subtraction and multiplication of integers and other logical operations such as the use of AND, OR NOT, >,<,>=,<=,<>, = in logical decisions.

 

6. What are the functions of control unit?

The functions of control unit are:

·       It decides to set the order of instruction to be carried out.

·       It works out what needs to be done to carry the instruction out.

·       It has to tell other parts of the processor what they should do so that the instruction will be carried out

·       It finds the information stored there when it is to be used. It knows where the next instruction in memory stored.

 

7. What is output unit? Is it necessary in computer system?

The unit which displays the results of processing and other information from the computer to user in the human understandable language is called output unit. Yes, it is necessary in computer system because it is the main interface between user and computer hardware to provide the desired results to the user.

 

8. Define the term storage. Why it is require in computer system?

Storage unit is the data storage devices that are used in the computers to store the data. It is required in computer system because the data and program stored in the secondary storage device need to be transferred into the memory unit.

 

 

Networking - Match the following

Telecommunication - network, an interactive worksheet by susuwal
liveworksheets.com

50 MCQ Transmission Mode

 

1. The data carrying capacity of communication channel.

a) bandwidth              b) protocol                         c) topology                        d) None of the above

2. A set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices, such as computer.

a) Bandwidth               b) Protocol                         c) Topology                        d) None of the above

3. A transmission of data and information between computers using a communication link such as a standard

telephone line.           

a) Communication      b) Data Communication  c) Telecommunication   d) None of the above

4. Two-way communication system.

a) Simplex Mode         b) Half-Duplex Mode       c) Full Duplex Mode        d) All of above

5. A mode of transmission in which data flows in one direction only.

a) Simplex Mode        b) Half-Duplex Mode       c) Full Duplex Mode         d) All of above

6. Full form of bps.

a) bites per second     b) bytes per second          c) bits per second            d) beats per second

7. Data transmission in one direction only that is to send or receive only.

a) Simplex                    b) Half-Duplex                   c) Full Duplex                     d) All of above

8 The amount of data that can be transmitted through communication channels in a fixed time period.

a) NIC                            b) topology                        c) protocol                         d) bandwidth

9. …………………...is a unidirectional mode of data transmission.

a) Simplex                    b) Half-Duplex                   c) Full Duplex                     d) All of above

10. Data communication means:

a We can easily send and receive the message                b) Data computing system is fastest in network              

c) The process of transferring data and information                   d) None of above

11. Which one of the devices is simplex?

a) Television                b) Telephone                     c) Computer                       d) Walkie-Talkie

12. TV broadcasting is an example for data transmitting

a) Half-duplex Mode   b) Simplex Mode             c) Full Duplex                     d) None of them

13. Protocols in network means

a) Language for communication between computer                   

b) Rules for exchange of message between two or more hosts c) Both                 d) None of the above

14. Which of the following is not a protocol?

a) POP                           b) TCP/IP                            c) NOS                                 d) FTP

15. Which is not a network protocol?

a) TCP/IP                       b) HTTP                               c) LAN                                 d) FTP

16 Which of the following is not a protocol?

a) TCP/IP                       b) IPX/SPX                           c) NETBIOS/NETBUI         d) Client

17. Which is not the network protocol?

a) TCP/IP                       b) STP                                  c) FTP                                  d) SMTP

18. Which is not a protocol?

a) FTP                            b) POP                                 c) HTTP                               d) TIP

19. Which of the following is protocol?

a) TCP/IP                       b) HTTP                               c) FTP                                  d) All of above

20. Telecommunication is a system of transmission of sounds, images, texts or data in the form of...................

a) electronic signals   b) magnetic signals          c) Both                                d) None of the above

21. .................is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.

a) protocoal                 b) protocol                         c) protocal                         d) All of above

22. Modes for transmitting data from one device to another are simplex, Half-duplex, and ...............mode.

a) Simplex                     b) Half Duplex                    c) Full Duplex                    d) None of the above

23. Bandwidth is measured in...............

a) bps                             b) cps                                   c) Both                                d) None of the above

24. Protocol is the computer language only understood by computer.

a) True                          b) False                              

25. Protocol is required to transfer data between two computers.

a) True                          b) False                              

26. Protocols are not required to exchange data between two different computers.

a) True                           b) False                              

27. Walky - Talky is the example of full duplex mode.

a) True                           b) False                              

28. In half duplex mode of communication, data can be transmitted in both directions simultaneously.

a) True                           b) False                              

29. Sending or receiving information between two or more persons.

a) Communication     b) Telecommunication    c) Data communication   d) None of the above

30. The process of transferring digital data or information between computers.

a) Communication      b) Data Communication c) Both                                d) None of the above

31. The amount of data transmitted per second through a communication channel.

a) banwidh                   b) bandwith                        c) bandwidth                    d) All of above

32. The volume of bits that can be transferred per second through the communication media.

a) ptococol                   b) modem                           c) bandwidth                    d) All of above

33. The modes of transmission in which communication takes place from both the sides simultaneously.

a) Simplex                     b) Half-Duplex                   c) Full Duplex                    d) All of above

34. A mode of transmission in which data flows in both directions, but only from one direction at a time.

a) Simplex                     b) Half-Duplex                   c) Full Duplex                     d) All of above

35. Data communication which is possible in one way only.

a) Simplex                    b) Half-Duplex                   c) Full Duplex                     d) All of above

36. The rules and regulations to systematize the computer related technology.

a) bandwdth                 b) protocol                         c) Data communication   d) Networking

37. Rules and format to accept and transfer data in the computer network.

a) network                    b) simplex                           c) bandwidth                      d) protocol

38. The rules that make the network communication possible.

a) protocol                   b) bandwidth                     c) medium                          d) data

39. Examples of data communication

a) E-mail                       b) Chat                                c) Both                                d) None of the above

40. Components of data communication

a) data            b) sender             c) medium           d) receiver           e) protocol          f) All of above

41. A path through which the sender makes communication to the receiver.

a) data                           b) sender                            c) medium                         d) protocol

42. Example of Full Duplex Mode

a) Telephone b) Internet                          c) Both                                d) None of the above

43. The exchange of data between a source and a receiver.

a) Data                          b) Data Communication c) Communication           d) None of the above

44. Medium is a set of rules that govern the communication between the devices.

a) True                           b) False               

45. Radio and television broadcasts operate in simplex mode.

a) True                          b) False               

46. The three basic elements of any communication system are...............

a) sender                       b) receiver                          c) medium                          d) All of above

47. A term that defines the direction of flow of information between devices.

a) interconnectivity    b) intra connectivity         c) transmission mode     d) transmission

48. Transmission mode controls the direction of signal flow.

a) True                          b) False               

49. Which of the following isn't a type of transmission mode?

a) physical                    b) simplex                           c) full duplex                      d) half duplex

50. What is the commonly used unit for measuring the speed of data transmission?

a) nano second            b) mega hertz                    c) byte per second            d) bits per second

 

 

 

History of Computer

 

History of Computer

1. Mechanical Era

v Abacus

v Napier’s Bone

v Slide Rule

v Pascaline

v Stepped Reckoner

v Charles Babbage

v Lady Augusta Ada

v Tabulating Machine

2. Electro-Mechanical Era

v Mark I

v ABC(Atanasoff Berry Computer)

3. Electronic Computers Era

v ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)

v John Von Neumann

v EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer)

v EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)

v UNIVAC-1 (Universal Automatic Computer)

 

Abacus

—  First calculating machine

—   Developed by the Chinese 3000 years ago.

—  It consists of a rectangular wooden frame with horizontal rods which carry round beads.

—  The wooden frame is divided into two parts which are separated by a mid bar.

—  The upper part is called heaven which consists of two beads and each beads equal to value 5.

—  The lower part is called earth which consists of five beads and each beads equal to value 1.

—  Counting is done by shifting the beads from one side to another.

—  It is used for addition and subtractions.

 

Napier's Bone

—  A set of 10 numbered rods  (as of wood or bone) which can multiply and divide based on the principle of logarithm (method which can quickly multiply and divide) .

—  John Napier invented in 1617 AD.

Slide Rule

—  First analog computing device.

—  William Oughtred invented in 1620 AD.

—  It consists of two set of rulers sliding by one another to perform multiplication and division. 

 

Pascaline

—  Blaise Pascal  invented in 1642 AD.

—  It consists of chain and  eight rotating toothed wheels representing digits from 0 to 9. When one wheel completes rotation then next wheel moves. Addition and Subtraction is done by movement of wheels.

—  He invented this machine to help his father’s profession (tax calculation).

—  It was first mechanical calculating device which can do addition and subtraction quickly.

—  It performed multiplication by repeated addition and division by repeated subtraction.

—  The  numbers of calculating the capacity of pascaline was 9,99,99 and 999.

—  Eg. In petrol pump, the number shown while filling petrol.

 

Stepped Reckoner

—  Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz invented in 1671 AD.

—  First calculator to perform all four basic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

—  It can extract square root by a series of repeated addition.

—  The shift mechanism is applied for multiplication and division.

—  Also known as modified version of pascaline.

 

Jacquard's Loom

—  Joseph Marie Jacquard invented in 1801 AD.

—  Automatic weaving machine.

—  First machine to use punched card.

—  Punched card controlled the weaving to produce beautiful patterns.

—  The function of the loom depended upon the absence or presence of holes on the card.

—  It paved the way for the modern storage mechanism on punched cards and the binary coding system.

 

Difference Engine

—  Charles Babbage invented in 1823 AD.

—  Designed to calculate mathematical tables.

—  Accurate and able to calculate upto twenty decimal places mechanically.

—  This project stopped when Babbage's funds ran out.

 

Analytical Engine

—  Charles Babbage invented in 1833 AD.

—  Could be programmed to solve particular problems.

—  This machine had five units: input, output, store, mill and control, which are similar to the units of a modern computer.

—  Thus, Charles Babbage is regarded as the “Father of Computer”.

—  Due to lack of technology, Analytical Engine was never completed.

 

Lady Augusta Ada        

—  First computer programmer.

—  She suggested Charles Babbage to use binary number system in Analytical Engine.

—  The US Department of Defense developed programming language named Ada in her honor in 1979 AD.

—  Because of her first initiative in the development of programming concept, she is honored as the first computer programmer.

 

Tabulating Machine

—  Dr. Herman Hollerith invented in 1887 AD.

—  It used the method of card punching to storing the data, which is fed into a machine that compiled the result mechanically.

—  This machine was designed to compute the US census record of 1890 AD.

—  It was able to complete compilation in 3 years which earlier used to take around 10 years.

—  He formed the Tabulating Machine Company in 1896 AD to manufacture his inventions.

—  The Tabulating Machine Company (TMC) and other two companies merged in 1924 AD. To form International Business Machine(IBM).

—  IBM is the largest computer manufacturing company in the world.

 

Mark – I

—  Professor Howard Aiken along with his staff invented  in 1937 AD.

—  First electro mechanical computer.

—  Also known as ASCC (Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator)

—  It was 51 ft. long, 8 ft. tall and weighted nearly 5 tons.

—  This machine took 1 second to perform 3 mathematical calculations.

—  It was used for military purposes, including development of the atomic bomb.

 

Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC)

—  Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry invented in 1942 AD.

—  First electronic digital computer.

—  It was the first computing machine which introduced the idea of binary arithmetic, regenerative memory and logic circuits.

—  It used 18,000 vacuum tubes and other 45 vacuum tubes for internal logic and capacitors for storage and punched cards as secondary storage.

 

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)

—  John William Mauchly and John Presper Eckert invented in 1946 AD.

—  First general purpose electronic computer.

—  It contained 18000 vacuum tubes, 1500 relays and thousands of resistors and capacitors.

—  It weighted nearly 30 tons and consumed 200 kilowatts of electric power.

—  It was based on decimal number system.

—  It could add two numbers in 200 microseconds and multiplication of two numbers in 2800 microseconds.

 

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC)

—  John William Mauchly and John Presper Eckert invented in 1952 AD.

—  First electronic computer to use stored program concept introduced by Hungarian Mathematician, John Von Neumann.

—  It contained 6000 vacuum tubes.

—  It weighted nearly 7850 kg and consumed 56 kilowatts of electric power.

—  It used binary number system rather than decimal number system.

—  It contained magnetic tape as a memory device

 

Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer (EDSAC)

—  Professor Maurice Wilkes invented in 1949 AD.

—  First operational stored program computer.

—  The term Stored Program Control Concept refers to the storage of instructions in computer memory to enable it to perform a variety of tasks in sequence

—  John Von Neumann introduced in 1945 AD.

—  It could do 700 additions and 200 multiplications per second.

—  It contained 6000 vacuum tubes and required 30 kilowatts of electronic power.

 

Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)

—  John William Mauchly and John Presper Eckert invented in 1951 AD.

—  First commercially general purpose electronic computer.

—  It was used for  census data processing until 1963 AD. In America.

—  It was 8 feet high, 15 feet long and weighted 5 tons.

—  It contained 5600 vacuum tubes, 18000 crystal diodes and 300 relays.

—  A magnetic tape was used for data input and output.