(1.5)
Contemporary Technology
Contemporary
technology
Contemporary technology refers to the latest advancements
and inventions that we use in everyday life.
For example, smartphones are a contemporary
technology. They allow us to do things like call, text, take pictures, browse
the web, and use apps, all in one device!
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is
a technology that allows users to access and use of computing resources, like
servers and software, over the internet.
Some of the cloud
providers are Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, VMware
Cloud, Oracle Cloud and Alibaba Cloud.
Examples of Cloud Computing
Drop box, Face book, Gmail, YouTube
Google Drive,
Apple iCloud
Google Photos,
Online Photoshop, Microsoft Office 365
Uses of Cloud Computing
l Create new apps and services,
l Store, back up and recover data,
l Host websites and blogs,
l Stream audio and video,
l Deliver software on demand.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
It
allows to quickly and easily access, store information anywhere, anytime in the
whole world, using an internet connection.
It is easier to
get back-up and restore the data.
It reduces both hardware and software
maintenance costs for organizations.
Data is securely
stored and handled.
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
Storing
sensitive data on remote servers raises privacy issues.
Uploading
and downloading large volumes of data can be time-consuming.
Switching
providers or platforms can be complex and costly.
Cloud
services can experience outages, leading to disruptions in business operations.
Types of cloud computing services
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Customer can use
processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from cloud
service providers to run their software system.
Software as a Service (SaaS): Customer
subscribes the software services from a
vendor for an
annual subscription fee or sometimes free and use it over Internet.
Services like
Gmail, Google Drive, Office 365 are some of the examples of SaaS.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): Customer use
infrastructure and programming tools and environment supported by the vendors
to develop their own applications.
IBM
provides Bluemix for software development and testing on its cloud.
Types of Cloud
·
Public cloud - Public cloud is cloud computing
that’s delivered via the internet and shared across organizations. Example:
Services like Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, or Amazon Web Services (AWS).
·
Private cloud - A private cloud is a cloud computing
environment dedicated to a single organization.
Example: A company might have its own private cloud
for its specific needs.
·
Hybrid cloud
- A combination of both public and private cloud
services, allowing organizations to maintain sensitive data on-premises while
using public cloud for less critical workloads.
Example: A company might keep some data and applications
in its private cloud and use the public cloud for others, creating a mix that
suits its needs.
Artificial
intelligence
Artificial
intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation
of intelligent machines that work and reacts like humans.
John McCarthy coined
the term Artificial Intelligence in the year 1955.
Some of the
examples of AI are
speech
recognition (like Siri, Microsoft Cortana, Amazon Echo, Google Home etc.),
spam email
filter,
self-driving
cars,
face recognition
etc.
Advantages of AI
· AI reduces labor and operational costs by automating tasks.
· AI processes and analyzes data faster than humans, leading
to quicker decision-making.
· AI can automate repetitive tasks, saving time and reducing errors.
· AI systems can work continuously (24/7) without rest.
Disadvantages of AI
· Automation by AI can lead to job losses in certain
industries.
· Developing and maintaining AI systems can be costly for
businesses.
· AI can analyze and collect personal data, raising privacy
concerns.
· Understanding and managing AI systems can be complex and
require specialized knowledge.
Applications of AI
·
Robotics – AI is used in robotics to control robots
and make them perform task autonomously.
·
Gaming - The AI machines can play strategic games
like chess, where the machine needs to think of a large number of possible
places.
·
Natural Language
Processing −
It is possible to interact with the computer that understands natural language
spoken by humans.
·
Security - AI is used in facial recognition, threat
detection, and cybersecurity
"Al is for the aid of people not their against.
Explain.
AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which
interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings.
AI is for the aid of people not their against. AI reduces labor and
operational costs by automating tasks. AI processes and analyzes data
faster than humans, leading to quicker decision-making. AI can automate
repetitive tasks, saving time and reducing errors. AI systems can work
continuously (24/7) without rest.
"Artificial Intelligence is threat to humans".
Give your opinion.
Ans: AI can be a threats to human. AI could become
uncontrollable and pose a threat to humanity. This could happen if AI systems
become more intelligent than humans and begin to act on their own, without
human guidance or control. AI could be used for bad things like cyber
attacks or making weapons that can decide on their own who to attack, causing a
lot of harm. It's like giving a sharp knife to a toddler - bad idea
Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality
(VR) is the use of computer technology to create a simulated environment that
doesn’t actually exist, that can give a feel of near real world with all or
some of senses experiencing the virtually simulated environment.
We can swim with
whales in oceans, fight with aliens, fly aeroplanes, visit distance places
without being there and much more within the VR.
Advantages of Virtual Reality:
· Virtual reality creates a realistic world.
· It enables user to explore places.
· Through Virtual Reality user can experiment with an
artificial environment.
· Virtual Reality make the education more easily and comfort.
Disadvantages of Virtual Reality
· The equipment used in virtual reality are very expensive.
· It consists of complex technology.
· In virtual reality environment we can’t move by our own like
in the real world.
· Some individuals may become addicted to
VR experiences.
Application areas of VR
· Gaming- VR Gaming allows players to immerse (dip)
themselves in virtual world and interact with environment and characters
· Education - VR can help students
learn by making the content more engaging and memorable.
· Health care - VR can help people to
learn how to manage their anxiety and stress.
· Architecture and Design - VR can be
used to create 3D models of buildings and products.
E-Governance
·
E-Governance
is a set of services provided by the government to public via electronic media
especially using Internet.
·
Examples
of such services include paying their taxes online, requesting various services
from government though governmental websites, providing information to public
via government’s websites.
· The basic purpose of e-governance is
to simplify processes for all, i.e. government, citizens, businesses, etc. at
National, State and local levels.
· An ordinary citizen gets the
government facility through the internet.
Any two website URL of government of Nepal
· https://moecdc.gov.np/ and https://www.nepal.gov.np/
Two examples of e-government are:
Short messaging systems(SMS). Automated
telephone information services
Models of E-Governance
· Government-to-Citizen(G2C)
· Government-to-business (G2B)
· Government-to-Government (G2G)
· Government-to-Employee (G2E)
Government-to-Citizen(G2C)
· G2C-is transaction between the
government to citizens.
· It includes online registration of
birth/ death/marriage certificates, filling of income taxes, electricity bills,
license renewals etc.
Government-to-business
(G2B)
· G2B it is the transaction between
government to business.
· It includes online application
forms, renewing licenses, registration etc.
Government-to-Government
(G2G)
· G2G it is the transaction between
government to government.
· It provides safe and secure
inter-relationship between domestic or foreign government.
Government-to-Employee
(G2E)
· G2E it is the transaction between
government to employee.
· G2E aims to bring employees together
and improvise knowledge sharing.
Advantages of E-governance
· Citizens can access government services and information
conveniently from anywhere.
· It reduces paperwork and manual tasks, which can lead to
faster decision-making and service delivery.
· E-governance systems promote transparency by making
government actions and decisions visible to the public.
·
Cheaper, more effective, and
speedy communications.
·
Corruption
will be reduced as there will be direct interaction with the system and public
without any intermediaries
Disadvantages of E-governance
· Collecting and storing citizen data online can raise
privacy and security issues.
· Not all citizens may have the necessary technology skills
to explore e-governance platforms.
· E-governance may exclude individuals without access to the
internet or digital devices.
·
In rural and
remote areas, the internet may not work well, so people there can't easily use
e-government services.
Mobile Computing
Mobile computing refers to
the use of portable computing devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops,
and wearables, that allow users to access and transmit data, information, and
applications without being tied to a fixed physical location.
Advantages of Mobile Computing
· It allows people to work and communicate from anywhere at
any time.
· It keeps connected to the Internet, allowing to access
information all the times.
· It increases the productivity of users reducing time and
cost.
· It is one of the major handheld sources of entertainment
for users at present.
Disadvantages of Mobile Computing
· Mobile devices have limited battery life, requiring
frequent recharging.
· Excessive use of mobile devices can lead to health
issues.
· Mobile devices can be vulnerable (weak) to cyberattacks and
data theft. It can be expensive, with high costs for devices, data plans, and
accessories.
·
Mobile devices
may have limited storage space, which can be insufficient for storing large
files and media.
The Internet of Things
(IoT)
— IoT is a system of
interrelated computing device to exchange information over a network without
human-to-human or human to computer interaction.
— The term "The Internet of
Things" was coined by Kevin Ashton in a presentation to Proctor &
Gamble in 1999.
Write
any two examples of IOT.
Any two
examples of IOT are: Smart Watch, Smart TV
Components of IoT
a)
Sensors/Devices -
Sensors/Devices collect data from their environment.
b)
Connectivity to Cloud -
The sensors/devices can be connected through Bluetooth, WiFi, Cellular etc.
c)
Data Processing -
Software perform data processing on cloud data to get a analyzed or computed
data.
d)
User Interface - The
analyzed or computed data is made useful to the end user via and alert(email,
text, notification).
Applications of Internet of Things
(IoT)
· Smart Home - IoT devices can be used
to automate and control home appliances, security systems and lighting which
make homes more comfortable, efficient and secure.
· Health care - Wearable devices such
as smartwatches and fitness trackers can collect data about our health and
activity levels which track our progress, improve our health and even diagnose
diseases.
· Smart city - IoT can be send to make
cites more efficient and sustainable by improving traffic flow, optimize energy
use and reduce waste.
· Smart agriculture - It helps farmers
monitors and manage crops, cattle and equipment through sensors, drones and
data analysis.
Advantages of Internet of Things (IoT)
· It reduces the human effort, so it saves a lot of time.
· Information is easily accessible from any place at any time
on any device.
· It enhances security and offers personal protection.
·
It enables
convenient control of home appliances.
· Communication between the connected devices becomes more
transparent and easier.
Disadvantages of Internet of Things (IoT)
· Hackers may gain access to the system and steal personal
information.
· IoT systems require a stable internet connection to
function.
· Setting up IoT infrastructure can be expensive.
· The setup and management of IoT devices can be challenging
for non-technical users.
How does IOT help in our daily life? Explain.
With the
use of IOT, accessing information is easy; we can control a device that is
miles apart in real time. Communication between the connected devices becomes
more transparent and easier.
There
are smartwatches and many other wearables that monitor our health
conditions on a real-time basis. So if some medical urgency is needed such
devices can initiate the necessary actions like alerting the family members,
calling an ambulance, etc.
E-learning
E-learning is a new concept of
delivering digital contents in learner oriented environment using information
and communication technology (ICT).
Examples of E-Learning
Virtual Classrooms from Zoom and Google Meet,
Online textbooks and eBooks,
Video based learning platforms like YouTube etc.
Advantages of E-learning
·
There is no any geographical limitation for
learning.
·
It is quite favorable for learner as it can
happen at any time and anywhere.
·
It reduces or eliminates travel costs to attend
learning events.
·
It reduces or eliminates need for
classroom/instructor infrastructure.
Disadvantages of E-learning
·
Learners with low motivation or bad study habits
may fall behind
·
Students may feel isolated from the instructor
and classmates
·
Instructor may not always be available when
students are studying or need help
·
Slow Internet connections or older computers may
make accessing course materials frustrating
E-Banking
Internet Banking
— a facility offered by banks and
financial institutions that allow customers to use banking services over the
internet.
— Customers need not visit their
bank’s branch office to avail each and every small service.
— Use PC or laptop and internet
connection to use this facility.
— Kumari Bank was the initiator
of internet banking in Nepal. It started its e-banking services in 2002.
Features of Internet
Banking
· It saves the time of customers
as they can easily access their account with the help of their device.
· All transactions are recorded
& stored digitally. So, the chances of human error are minimized
- The customer can check the
history of the transactions for a given period by the concerned bank.
- Bank, statements, various types
of forms, applications can be downloaded.
- The customer can transfer
funds, pay any kind of bill, recharge mobiles, DTH connections, etc.
Mobile Banking
· Mobile banking is the act of making
financial transactions on a mobile device (cell phone, tablet, etc.).
· Download Mobile App or SMS system
· Inquiry based transactions such
as balance inquiry, transaction history, and transaction alert.
No comments:
Post a Comment