Sunday, October 6, 2019

Internet and Its Services - SEE Computer Science - Chapter 2



Internet and Its Services


1.    Internet
Internet is an interconnection of several thousands of computers of different types belonging to the various networks all over the world.  It can be used by people all over the world.
Different organization like ISOC (Internet Society), W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), IAB (Internet Architecture Board), IEFT (Internet Engineering Task Force), IRTF (Internet Research Task Force), IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group) and INIC (Internet Network information Centre) gives directive and guideline for the proper use of internet.
The internet is called ‘network of networks’ because all the smaller networks of organizations are linked together into the one giant network called the internet.
TCP/IP is the communication protocol used by the internet.

2.    Components required for internet connection
a)       A TCP/IP enabled computer with web browser
b)     An account with an ISP
c)      Router / MODEM (necessary if you are using a telephone line to access the Internet)
d)     Connection (ISDN, Satellite, cable and dial-up)

3.    Services of internet
a)      WWW (World Wide Web)
b)     E-mail (Electronic mail)
c)      FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
d)     IRC (internet Relay Chat)
e)      Newsgroup
f)      Telnet
g)     Internet Telephony
h)     E-commerce

4.    Advantages of internet
a)      Internet has an endless knowledge supply which anyone can access that too free of cost.
b)     Selling and buying has become so easy with the use of internet and it has helped millions to sell and buy their goods online.
c)      Internet has given us E-Mail which is fast, secure and reliable mode of communication.
d)     It makes easy to transfer the file or information.

5.    Disadvantages of internet
a)      Increasing virus threats not only steals your sensitive data but also damages your computer.
b)     People using too much of internet get disconnected from the real world. 
c)      Pornography that can get in the hands of young children too easily.
d)     Addiction to online games affects health leading to obesity and serious health issues.

6.    Intranet
An intranet is a private computer network that uses the internet protocol to securely share any part of information of an organization. It is owned by a single organization or company. It can only be used by the employees of the owned organization.



7.    Extranet
An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from outside for specific business or educational purposes.

8.    ISP (Internet Service Provider) 
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing and using the Internet. World Link, Mercantile, Classitech, Vianet etc are the ISPs of Nepal.

9.    E-mail (Electronic Mail)
E-mail (Electronic mail) is one of the most popular services provided by the internet which exchanges messages between the computers. It is the soft copy service of the internet. E-mail can be sent using a computer with modem, e-mail program and internet facility.
Any four sites that provide e-mail services are:
a)      www.yahoomail.com
b)     www.hotmail.com
c)      www.gmail.com
d)     www.outlook.com

10. Advantages of E-mail
a)      It allows to send and receive message across the world at very low cost.
b)     It is very fast compared to postal system.
c)      The image, sound, video and documents can be attached to e-mail message.
d)     Multiple copies of same message can be sent to many people.

11. Disadvantages of e-mail
Ans: The disadvantages of e-mail are:
i) Minor mistakes in e-mail address may deliver the mail to wrong address.
ii) Since it passes through a vast electronic network, it may be seized in between.

12. E-fax (Electronic Fax)
E-fax is the service of the internet through which a user can send and receive faxes(documents or graphics) directly from a computer to another computer. It is the hard copy service of the internet. E-fax can be sent using a computer with modem, e-fax program and internet facility.

13. Newsgroup
Newsgroups are discussion groups that focus on a particular topic such as politics, health, computer, etc. The interested people on the particular field write the information or articles. Then these articles are posted to the newsgroup so that other people can read them.

14. Telnet
A telnet is a program that allows a user to log in to a remote computer on internet as a user on that system.

15. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
File Transfer Protocol is the internet tool that allows the user to transfer the file from one computer to another computer. It helps to upload and download the files.

16. Uploading
Ans: Uploading refers to copying files or documents, programs or data from the user computer to the internet server.

17. Downloading
Downloading refers to the copying files or document or program or data from the internet server to the user computer.

18. IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
Internet Relay Chat is one of the important services provided by the internet which allows the user to communicate with other people in real time. It uses the browser software without using special chat software. It communicates only text. For eg: chatting on facebook.

19. Internet telephony
Internet telephony is one of the cheapest and reliable services provided by the internet that allows the user to make telephone communication or voice communication through internet.

20. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) is an online document that possesses series of common questions and answers on a specific topic.

21. E-commerce (Electronic commerce)
E-commerce is one of the popular service of internet which helps in buying and selling of goods over the internet. It is doing business online through the internet.

22. Video conferencing
Video conferencing is an important and interesting service provided by the internet which makes communication using sounds as well as pictures. It requires necessary hardware and software to see and speak to each other. It communicates sounds as well as pictures. For eg: chatting on skype.

23. Online banking
Online banking is the practice of making transaction using the internet.

24. Webpage
Webpage is an electronic document written using a computer language which contain information about any person ,organization, etc is called HTML.

25. Website
Website is a collection of web pages that can be published by an organization or individual. It contains home page and other sub pages.

26. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is a protocol used by the WWW to establish client and server interactions.

27. Web browser
Web browser is a computer program that access web pages and displays them on the user computer.
Examples of web browsers are Mozilla firefox, google chrome, internet explorer, opera etc. Browsing/ Surfing means searching information on the internet.

28. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Ans: URL is a unique address that provides location of a webpage on the internet.
http: protocol name, www.abc.com: server name, mainpage: path, first.html: filename

29. Search engine
Ans: Search engine is the website that allows the user to search the information based on keywords on combination of keywords. They are used to locate specific sites and information. Examples of search engines are google, bing, ask.com, yahoo etc

30. Blog (weblog)
A blog is a time-stamped online journal that appears on a website. A blog is a frequently updated online personal journal or diary. A place to share your thoughts and your passions to the world.

31.   Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections.    
                                                                                                                                    
32. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
ISDN is a high speed digital communication network involving from existing telephony integrated digital network (IDN) which provides end to end digital connectivity to support a wide range of services including voice and non-voice service.

33. WWW (World Wide Web)
The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.

34. DNS (Domain Name System)
Domain Name System is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.

35. Social Networking Websites
Social networking websites are online communities in which member interact. Eg. Facebook, Twitter, Instragram etc.

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