Wednesday, March 26, 2025

SEE COMPUTER SCIENCE FINAL REVISION 2081 - LAST HOUR REVISION 2081– DEEPAK SHRESTHA

 

SEE COMPUTER SCIENCE FINAL REVISION 2081 - LAST HOUR REVISION 2081– DEEPAK SHRESTHA





What is web browser?

Web browser is a computer program that access web pages and displays them on the user’s computer.

 

Mention any two services provided by Internet.

Any two services provided by Internet are E-Commerce and E-Mail

 

What is search engine?

A search engine is an online tool that helps users find information on the internet using keywords or phrases and provide relevant results.

 

Write the name of any two search engines.

The name of any two search engines is google and bing.

 

What is Ecommerce?

E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.

 

What is the business done through internet?

The business done through internet is e-commerce.

 

What is the business done through the mobile?

The business done through the mobile is M-Commerce

 

What is unguided media?

Unguided media is a communication channel in which data and information are transferred through the air using electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves or microwaves without using wire or cable.

 

Give the name of any two unguided transmission media

Any two unguided transmission media are Microwave and Radio wave.

 

What is network protocol?

A set of rules followed for interconnection and communication between computers in a network is called network protocol.

 

What is social media?

Social media refers to online platforms like Facebook and Instagram that allow people to connect, share information, and interact with each other.

 

Write any two benefits of e-governance service.

Any two benefits of e-governance service are:

·       Citizens can access government services and information conveniently from anywhere. 

·       E-governance systems promote transparency by making government actions and decisions visible to the public. 

 

 Which data type is used to store alpha numeric characters or special symbols in MS-Access?

The text data type is used to store alpha numeric characters or special symbols in MS-Access.

 

What is the default size of text field in MS-Access?

The default size of a text field is 50 characters (2003 version) and 255 characters (2007 version) in MS-Access.

 

What is the default extension of MS-Access?

The default extension of Ms-Access is : .mdb (2003 version) and .accdb (2007 version).

 

Which data type is used to store date of birth in MS-Access?

Date/Time is the data type is used to store date of birth in MS-Access

 

Which data type is suitable to store photographs of students in MS-Access?

The suitable data type to store photographs of students in MS-Access is OLE object.

 

Which in the logical data type of MS-Access?

Ans: The logical data type of MS-Access is Yes/No.

 

What is the maximum length of the field name in MS-Access?

Ans: The maximum length of the field name in MS-Access is 64 characters.

 

 Write any two elements of database.

Field and Record are the two elements of database

 

Which view is used to modify a table structure in MS-Access?

Design View is used to modify a table structure in MS-Access.

 

Which type of query do you use to calculate the total marks of students from table in MS Access?

Select Query is used to calculate the total marks of students from table in MS Access

 

Which object of MS-Access is used to retrieve data from the table?

Query is used to retrieve data from a table.

 

What is modular programming?

Modular programming is a technique used to divide program into many small, manageable, logical and functional modules or blocks.

 

Write any one advantage of Modular Programming.

Ans: Any one advantage of Modular Programming is it is easy to design, code and test the program modules independently.

 

List the different types of procedures in Qbasic.

The different types of procedures are: Sub Procedure and Function Procedure

 

Which statement is used to call sub-procedure?

CALL statement is used to call sub-procedure.

 

What is looping?

Looping is the process of repeating the execution of a statement or a block of statements until a specific condition is satisfied.

 

Write any two features of C language.

Any two features of C language are:

·       Portability: C code can be compiled and executed on different systems with minimal modifications.

·       C is a case-sensitive programming language. It understands the capital alphabets and small alphabets as different values 

 

Mention any two basic data types of C language.

Ans: Any two basic data types of C language are char and int

 

Which format specifier do you use in C language for 'int' data type ?

Ans: %d format specifier is used in C language for 'int' data type.

 

 

Write appropriate technical terms for the following:   [2×1=2]

Law that governs the legal issues of cyberspace. Cyber Law

The smallest unit to represent information on a quantum computer Qubit (Quantum bit)

Digital trails created while using internet. Digital Footprint

Data transmission in only one direction. Simplex Mode

A secret group of characters used to protect computer system from unauthorized users. Password

An artificial environment created by a computer system that appears real. Virtual reality

A program that can disinfect a file from virus. Antivirus software

Computer program that protects computer from computer virus. Antivirus software

Learning through the electronic media. E-Learning

A system of copying data and information reading in computer into another location. Backup

A company which provides services of Internet. Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Network of Networks. Internet

 

STP: Shielded Twisted Pair

WAP: Wireless Application Protocol

NIC – Network Interface Card

OTP – One Time Password

URL – Uniform Resource Locator

G2G – Government to Government

ISP – Internet Service Provider

POP – Post Office Protocol

IoT – Internet of Things

FTP: File Transfer Protocol

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network

AI: Artificial Intelligence

 

 

 

 

What is computer network? Enlist any two advantages of it.

Computer network is a group of two or more computers and devices connected to each other through wired or wireless media to exchange data and information and share hardware, software and other resources.

Any two advantages of computer network are:

·       A network connected computers can share hardware devices such as scanner, printer, hard disk, etc.

·       It also provides the facility of data and software backup system.

 

Define Bus topology? Write any two advantages of Bus topology

Ans: The type of topology in which all nodes and network devices are connected to single cable is called bus topology.

Any two advantages of Bus topology are:

l It is cost effective and cable required is least compared to other network topology.

l It is used in small networks and easy to expand networks.

 

Define network topology. Sketch a drawing of star topology.

Network topology refers to the layout or inter - connected pattern of computers and devices in a network.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is network topology? List any two types of network topology.

Ans: Network topology refers to the layout or inter - connected pattern of computers and devices in a network. Two types are star topology and bus topology.

 

What is computer ethics? Write any two of them.

Computer ethics is a set of moral principles or code of conducts that regulate the use of computers systematically without making harm to other users.

Any two cyber ethics are:

·       Do not use a computer to publish fake information.

·       Do not search the file or record of other people.

 

Write any four commandments of computer ethics.

·               Do not use a computer to publish fake information.

·               Do not search the file or record of other people.

·               Do not destroy or delete the records of other people.

·               Do not use a computer to steal someone's privacy.

 

What is social media? Write any one reason why it is popular now days.

Social media are online platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram that let users create, share, and interact with content while connecting with others.

It's popular now a days because it enables instant communication, allowing people to connect and share information globally in real-time.

 

Write any two advantages and disadvantages of social media.

Ans: Any two advantages of social media are:

1.     It creates awareness and innovate the way people live.

2.     Social media let us share anything with others around the world.

Any two disadvantages of social media are:

1.     Personal data and privacy can be easily hacked and shared on the internet.

2.     More chances of creating fake accounts.

 

Define software security. Write any two protection measures for it.

Ans: Software security means protecting software from being hacked or misused which ensures the software works properly and keeps data safe.

Any two protection measures for software security are: Backup and Password

 

What is computer security? Write any two hardware security measures.

Ans: Computer security refers to the protection of computer systems and data from unauthorized access, theft or misuse and damage and action to prevent such incidents.

Any two hardware security measures are Insurance and Power Protection Device.

 

What is Backup? How it helps to secure data?

Backup is the system of copying data and programs into another location or creating a duplicate copy of it in a secured place.

A backup secures data by creating a duplicate copy stored separately from the original, protecting against data loss due to hardware failure, accidental deletion, cyber threats, and disasters. It ensures data can be restored if the original is compromised, maintaining data integrity and availability for recovery.

 

What is password? Write any two importance of password protection.

A password is a secret word or phrase used to secure access to accounts or systems, ensuring only authorized users can enter.

Any two importance of password protection are:

1.     Password secures the data by protecting from unauthorized access.

2.     It safeguards personal information from being stolen or misused.

 

What are the computer security threats? Mention any two measures to protect from security threats.

Computer security threat is a risk which can potentially harm computer systems and organization.

Any two measures to protect from security threats are:  Firewall and Cryptography

 

What is antivirus software? Name any two popular antivirus software.

Antivirus software is a program that scans, detects, and removes malicious software from a computer or device to protect it from security threats.

Any two popular antivirus software are Kaspersky and Norton Antivirus.

 

Write ant two symptoms of computer virus.

Any symptoms of computer virus are:

·       Program takes long time to load.

·       Increased use of disk space and growth in file size.

 

Define cyber law and cyber crime.

the law which governs the legal issues in the cyber space regarding the internet or WWW for digital data processing and transaction is called cyber law.

Cyber crime refers to criminal activities that are carried out using computers or the internet.

 

List any two E-commerce companies in Nepal.

Any two E-commerce companies in Nepal are sastodeal and  daraz

 

Define e-commerce. Write any two benefits of it.

Ans: E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.

Any two benefits of e-commerce are:

1.     Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as easy to find products.

2.     There are no geographical limitations, can deliver service globally.

 

What is M-Commerce? Write any two important services.

M-commerce (Mobile Commerce) refers to buying, selling, and conducting business transactions through mobile devices like smartphones and tablets.

Any two important services are: mobile banking and mobile shopping.

 

Give two differences between E-commerce and Traditional Commerce.

Two differences between E-commerce and Traditional Commerce are

Traditional Commerce

E-commerce

Traditional commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services through physical stores and in-person transactions, without using digital technology.

Ecommerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet.

Delivery of goods is instant.

 Delivery of goods takes time.

 

What is IoT? Write any two importance of it.

IoT (Internet of Things) refers to a network of interconnected devices that communicate and share data over the internet.

Any two importance of IoT are:

·       Information is easily accessible from any place at any time on any device. 

·       Tasks can be performed automatically without human intervention.

 

Define Artificial Intelligence with examples.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans.

Examples are self driving cars, speech recognition (Siri) , face recognition etc.

 

Write any two uses of AI.

Any two uses of AI are

·       AI can be used to detect fraud in financial transactions, such as credit card fraud.

·       AI can be used to diagnose diseases more accurately and efficiently than humans can.

 

Define virtual reality. Write any two areas where virtual reality is used.

Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that creates a simulated (virtual) world where users can feel and interact with things as if they are real, using devices like VR headsets and gloves.

Any two areas where virtual reality is used are : Gaming and Education & Training (medical or flight training).

 

What is database? Give any two examples.

A collection of systematically organized inter-related data which store, organize and retrieve data is called a database. E.g. Dictionary and Telephone Directory.

 

Define DBMS with any two examples of it.

DBMS is a computerized system that stores data, processes them and provides information in an organized form.

Any two examples of DBMS are : MS-Access and Oracle

 

Write four objects of MS-Access.

Any four objects of MS-Access are Table, Form, Query and Report.

 

Write any two advantages of DBMS.

Any two advantages of DBMS are:

1.     It reduces data redundancy which means duplication of data.

2.     Large volume of data can be stored and updated easily. 

 

List any four features of MS-Access.

·       It provides the flexible ways to add, edit, delete and display the related data.

·       Queries help to view, change and analyse the data indifferent ways.

·       Forms are used for viewing and editing the information.

·       Reports are used for summarizing and printing the data.

 

What is primary key? List any two advantages of it.

A primary key is a unique field in a database table that identifies each record uniquely.

Any two advantages of primary key are:

·       It sets the relationship between tables.

·       It reduces and controls duplication of record in a table

 

What is data sorting? List any two advantages of using it.

The process of arranging all the records in a table either ascending or descending order based on field or fields is known as sorting.

Any two advantages of sorting are:

·       Sorting helps to organize data and make it easier to find and retrieve specific information.

·       Sorting can save time and improve efficiency by allowing users to quickly access the data they need.

 

What type of work is done in MS-Access using form and query object.

·       Form provides graphical interface to view, modify and add data in a table or multiple linked tables.

·       Query is used to view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple linked tables based on specified condition.

 

 

What is query? List two types of it.

Query is an object of database that is used to view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple linked tables based on specified condition.

The types of query are: Select Query and Action Query (Update query, Delete query, Append query and Make Table query)

 

Define report and mention any two uses of it.

Report is one of the MS-Access database objects used to present information in an effective and organized format that is ready for printing.

Any two uses of report are:

·       Reports provide a formatted presentation of data that is easy to read and understand.

·       Reports enable users to summarize, analyze, and visualize data in meaningful ways.

 

Mention the importance of report in database.

Importance of report is to print documents according to user’s specifications of the summarized information through query or table.

 

 Give the differences between the Select Query and Action Query.

 

Select Query

Action Query

Select query is simply used to select and display the relevant data from the database.

An action query is a query that makes changes to or removes many records in just one operation.

It does not make change to database.

It makes change to database.

 

Identify a record and field from the following table structure:

Symbol No.

Name

Marks

00100202S

Aarambha Shrestha

91

00100203T

Suhisha Rayamajhi

99

 

Field = Symbol No. , Name and Marks

Record 1 = 001002020S, Aarambha Shrestha, 91

Record 2 = 00100203T, Suhisha Rayamajhi, 99

 

List the field name from the following table structure.

Symbol No.

Name

Marks

00100200Q

Surya Gurung

85

00100201R

Birendra Sharma

91

 

Ans: The field names are Symbol No., Name and Marks.

 

What are validation text and validation rule?

Validation Text is a field property which displays an error message that appears if the data entered is invalid according to the specified validation rule.

Validation Rule is a field property which is used to limit the values that can be entered into a field.

 

What is form? Write any two advantages of it.

Form is one of the MS-Access database objects which provides graphical interface to view, modify and add data in a table or multiple linked tables.

Any two advantages of form are:

1.     Form displays complete record one at a time, so we can view and modify records using the form.

2.     Forms provides GUI (Graphical Users Interface) using which users interact with MS-Access database.

 

Why is primary key necessary in record?

A primary key is necessary in a database record because it reduce and control duplication of the record in a table, sets the relationship between tables and identifies each record of a table uniquely.

 

Define field and record.

A field is a column in a table which contains information about a certain type for all records. Field is a smallest unit of information.

A record is a row in a table which contains information about single items in a database. Record is complete set of information.

 

 

5.     Write the output of the given program: Show with dry run in table.                     [2]

DECLARE SUB SHOW(A)

CLS

N=87

CALL SHOW(N)

END

 SUB SHOW(A)

DO

B=A MOD 6+3

IF B MOD 4=0 THEN GOTO AA

PRINT B;

AA:

A=A-10

LOOP WHILE A>=50

END SUB

 

Dry run table

N

A

B =A MOD 6+3

B MOD 4=0

PRINT B;

A=A-10

 

87

87

87 MOD 6 + 3=6

3+3=6

6 MOD 4=0

2=0 NO

6

87-10=77

77>=50 yes

 

77

77 MOD 6 + 3 =8

5+3=8

8 MOD 4=0

0=0YES

 

77-10=67

67>=50 yes

 

67

67 MOD 6 + 3=4

1+3=4

4 MOD 4=0

0=0 YES

 

67-10=57

57>=50 yes

 

57

57 MOD 6 + 3=6

3+3=6

6 MOD 4=0

2=0 NO

6

57-10=47

47>=50 no

 

47

 

 

 

 

 

The output of a program is:

6   6

 

5. Write down the output of the given program and show them in dry run table.

DECLARE FUNCTION Series (N)

CLS

A=2

PRINT "Sum of the series"; Series (A)

END

 

FUNCTION Series (N)

Sum=0

FOR J = 1 TO 4

Sum=Sum + N

N=N+3

NEXT J

Series= Sum

END FUNCTION

Dry Run

A

PRINT "Sum of the series"; Series (A)

N

Sum

FOR J = 1 TO 4

Sum=Sum + N

N-N+3

Series = Sum

2

Sum of the series 26

2

0

1 TO 4 Yes

0+2=2

2+3=5

 

 

 

5

2

2 TO 4 Yes

2+5=7

5+3=8

 

 

 

8

7

3 TO 4 Yes

7+8=15

8+3=11

 

 

 

11

15

4 To 4 Yes

15+11=26

11+3-=14

 

 

 

14

26

5 To 4 No

Loop Exits

 

 

26

 

The output of the program is:

Sum of the series 26

 

5. Write down the output of the given program and show them in dry run table:

DECLARE FUNCTION SQN (N)

CLS

S=0

FOR L=1 TO 3

READ NUM

S=S+SQN (NUM)

NEXT L

PRINT "Sum of square"; S

DATA 1, 4, 5

END

FUNCTION SQN (N)

SQN = N^2

END FUNCTION

 Dry Run

S

L=1 TO 3

Read Num

S=S+SQN(NUM)

SQN=N^2

0

1 TO 3 yes

1

0+1=1

1^2=1

 17

2 TO 3 yes

4

1+16=17

4^2=16

 42

3 TO 3 yes

5

17+25=42

5^2=25

 

4 TO 3 No

Loop Exits

 

 

 

 The output of the program is :

 Sum of square 42

 

5. Write down the output of the given program:

DECLARE SUB Series(A)

CLS
A=20

CALL Series(A)

END

SUB Series(A)

FOR K=1 to 5

PRINT A;

A=A+10

NEXT K

END SUB

 

Dry Run Table

A

K=1 to 5

PRINT A;

A=A+10

20

1 to 5 yes

 20

20+10=30

30

2 to 5 yes

 30

30+10=40

40

3 to 5 yes

 40

40+10=50

50

4 to 5 yes

 50

50+10=60

60

5 to 5 yes

 60

60+10=70

70

6 to 5 no

Loop exits

 

 

 

The output of the program is:

20 30 40 50 60

 

Write down the output of the given program. Show in dry run table.

DECLARE SUB Result (C$)

C$= “COMPUTER"

CALL Result (C$)

END

SUB Result (C$)

FOR C=1 TO LEN(C$) STEP 2

M$=MIDS (C$,C,1)

N$=N$+MS

NEXT C

PRINT N$

ENF SUB

Dry Run

C$

C=1 To LEN(C$) STEP 2

MS=MID$(C$,C,1)

N$=N$+M$

PRINT N$

COMPUTER

1 to 8 step 2

MID$(COMPUTER,1,1)

=C

C

 

 

3 to 8 step 2

MID$(COMPUTER,3,1)

=M

C+M=CM

 

 

5 to 8

MID$(COMPUTER,5,1)

=U

CM+U=CMU

 

 

7 to 8

MID$(COMPUTER,7,1)

=E

CMU+E=CMUE

 

 

9 to 8

Loop exits

 

 

CMUE

 

Output

CMUE

 

5. Write the output of the given program: (Workout with a dry run).  2

DECLARE SUB ABC(A)

CLS

A=2

CALL ABC(A)

END

SUB ABC(A)

FOR J= 1 TO 5

PRINT A;

A=A+3;

NEXT J

END SUB

 Dry run

A

J=1 TO 5

 PRINT A;

A=A+3

2

1 to 5 Yes

2

2+3=5

5

2 to 5 Yes

5

5+3=8

8

3 to 5 Yes

 8

8+3=11

11

4 to 5 Yes

 11

11+3=14

14

5 to 5 Yes

 14

14+3=17

17

6 to 5 No (loop exits)

 

 

The output of the program is

2  5  8  11  14

 

Re-write the given program after correcting the bugs:                             [2]

REM to add record in an existing file

CLS

OPEN “Record.Dat” FOR OUTPUT AS #1

AA:

INPUT “Enter Name, Class and Roll No.”; Nm$, Cl, Rn

INPUT #2, Nm$, Cl, Rn

INPUT “More records”; Y$

IF UCASE$(Y$)=”Y” THEN GOTO aa

CLOSE “Record.dat”

END

Debugged program:

REM to add record in an existing file

CLS

OPEN “Record.Dat” FOR APPEND AS #1

AA:

INPUT “Enter Name, Class and Roll No.”; Nm$, Cl, Rn

WRITE #1, Nm$, Cl, Rn

INPUT “More records”; Y$

IF UCASE$(Y$)=”Y” THEN GOTO AA

CLOSE #1

END

 

6. Re-Write the given program after correcting the bags:

REM to display name, post and salary of 10 employees

OPEN "EMP.TXT" FOR IN AS #1

FOR I=10 TO 1

INPUT #1, Name$, Post$, Salary

DISPLAY Name$, Post$, Salary

NEXT I

CLOSE “EMP.TXT”

END

 

Corrected Program:

REM to display name, post and salary of 10 employees

OPEN "EMP.TXT" FOR INPUT AS #1

FOR I=1 TO 1 0

INPUT #1, Name$, Post$, Salary

PRINT Name$, Post$, Salary

NEXT I

CLOSE #1

END

 

6. Re-Write the given program after correcting the bugs:

DECLARE SUB Square (A)

REM to print square of a input number

CLS

GET "Enter a number"; N

Square (N)

 END

SUB Square (A)

Sq = A^ 4

Display "Square of a number is "; Sq

 End Sub

 

Debugged Program

DECLARE SUB Square (A)

REM to print square of a input number

CLS

INPUT "Enter a number"; N

CALL Square (N)

 END

 

SUB Square (A)

Sq = A^ 2

PRINT  "Square of a number is "; Sq

 End SUB

 

6. Re-Write the given program after correcting the bugs:

REM program to make a word reverse

DECLARE FUNCTION Rev$(N$)

CLS

LNPUT “Enter a word”; N$

DISPLAY “Reversed is”; Rev$(N$)

END

EUNCTION Rev$(N$)

FOR K=LEN$(N$) To 1 STEP-1

B$=B$+MID$(N$,1,K)

NEXT K

B$=Rev$

END FUNCTION

 

Debugged Program

REM program to make a word reverse

DECLARE FUNCTION Rev$(N$)

CLS

INPUT “Enter a word”; N$

PRINT “Reversed is”; Rev$(N$)

END

FUNCTION Rev$(N$)

FOR K=LEN (N$) To 1 STEP-1

B$=B$+MID$(N$,K,1)

NEXT K

Rev$=B$

END FUNCTION

 

Rewrite the given program after correcting the bugs:

REM to display records from existing file.

OPEN "emp.text" FOR APPEND AS #1

WHILE NOT EOF (#1)

WRITE # 1, eN$, posts, salaryS

PRINT eN$, post$, salary

NEXT

CLOSE #1

END

 

Debugged Program

REM to display records from existing file.

OPEN "emp.txt" FOR INPUT AS #1

WHILE NOT EOF (1)

INPUT # 1, eN$, posts, salary$

PRINT eN$, post$, salary

WEND

CLOSE #1

END

 

6. Re-write the given program after correcting the bugs:         2

DECLARE SUB Series ( )

CLS

EXECUTE Series

END

SUB Series( )

REM Program to generate 1 1 2 3 5 .....upto the 20th terms

A=1

B=1

FOR ctr=10 to 1

DISPLAY A:B:

A=A+B

B=A+B

NEXT ctr

END Series ( )

 

Debugged Program

DECLARE SUB Series ( )

CLS

CALL Series

END

 SUB Series( )

REM Program to generate 1 1 2 3 5 .....upto the 20th terms

A=1

B=1

FOR ctr=1 TO 10

PRINT  A; B;

A=A+B

B=A+B

NEXT ctr

END SUB

 

7.     Study the following program and answer the given questions.                   [2×1=2]

OPEN “Detail.dat” FOR INPUT AS #1

OPEN “Temp.dat” FOR OUTPUT AS #2

INPUT “Enter name of the students”; S$

FOR I=1 TO 10

INPUT #1, Nm$, Cl, A

IF S$< >Nm$ THEN

WRITE #2, Nm$, Cl, A

END IF

NEXT I

CLOSE #1, #2

KILL “Detail.dat”

NAME “Temp.dat” AS “Detail.dat”

END

a.     What is the main objective of the program given above?

The main objective of the program is to delete the record of a specific student, identified by their name from the data file Detail.dat.

 

b.     Do you get any problem in the above program if “Kill” statement is removed? Give reason.

Yes, there would be a problem if the KILL statement is removed. Because without the KILL statement, both Detail.dat and Temp.dat will exist, and the renaming (NAME "Temp.dat" AS "Detail.dat") will fail because a file cannot be renamed to an existing file's name, causing an error and preventing the update.

 

7. Study the following program and answer the given questions:

DECLARE SUB SEE (A$)

A$="COMPUTER SCIENCE”

END

 

SUB SEE (A$)

L=LEN(A$)

FOR I=L TO 1 STEP-2

PRINT MID$ (A$, I, 1)

NEXT I

END SUB

a) Which statement should be added in the main module to execute the program?

Ans: CALL SEE(A$) should be added in the main module to execute the program

b) List out the variables used in the above program.

Ans: The variables used in the above program are: A$, L and I .

 

7. Study the following program and answer the given questions:

DECLARE FUNCTION Count (W$)

INPUT "Enter a word"; R$

C = Count (R$)

PRINT C

END

FUNCTION Count (W$)

FOR L = 1 TO LEN (W$)

Ch$MID$ (W$, L, 1)

 IF UCASES (Ch$) = "K" THEN

N=N+1

END IF

NEXT L

 Count = N

END FUNCTION

a) List any two library functions used in the above program.

UCASE$( ) and MID$( ) are the two library functions used in the above program

 

b) Write the use of variable 'C' in line 3 [i.e. C = Count (R$)] given in the above program.

The use of variable ‘C’ in  line 3 [i.e. C = Count (R$)] given in the above program is to store the value returned by the function count( ).

 

7. Study the following program and answer the given questions:

DECLARE FUNCTION SUM(N)
CLS
INPUT “Enter any number”; N

X=SUM(N)

PRINT “The sum of individual digit is “; X

END

FUNCTION SUM(N)

WHILE N<>0

R=N MOD 10

S=S+R

N=INT(N/10)

WEND

SUM=S
END FUNCTION

 

a) Write the function of INT.

Ans: The INT function returns the integer part of a number, removing the decimal part.

b) How many times does the WHILE ….WEND loop repeat if the value of N is 123?

Ans: The WHILE ….WEND loop repeats 3 times if the value of N is 123.

 

Study the following program and answer the given questions.

DECLARE FUNCTION prod (A,B)

CLS

INPUT “Enter first number'; A

INPUT ‘Enter second number"; B

PRINT ‘“The product of the two number="; prod (A,B)

END

FUNCTION prod (A,B)

P=A*B

prod=P

END FUNCTION

 

(क) माथिको प्रोग्राममा प्रयोग भएको न्युमेरिक भेरिएबलहरू लेख्नुहोस् ।

List all the numerical variables used in the program above.

Ans: The numerical variables used in the program above are A, B and P

 

ख) माथिको प्रोग्राममा प्रयोग भएको लोकल भेरिएवलहरू लेख्नुहोस् ।

List the local variables used in   program above.

Ans: The local variables used in the program above is P.

7. Study the following program and answer the given questions.          2x1=2

DECLARE FUNCTION TEST(X)

X=100

Z=TEST(X)

PRINT Z

END

 

FUNCTION TEST(X)

FOR R=1 TO X

S=S+I

NEXT R

TEST=S

END FUNCTION

 

a) How many parameters are used in the above program?

Ans: One parameters is used in the above program.

b) How many times does the statement S=S+I execute in the above program?

The statement S=S+I will execute 100 times in the above program

 

8.     Convert / Calculate as per the instruction.                                                  [4×1=4]

a.      (11001101)2 = (?)16

Soln:

Converting Binary to octal

Binary value in four bits

1100

1101

Octal number

C

D

 (11001101)2 = (CD)16

 

b.     (524)10 = (?)2

Soln:

 

 

Remainder

2

524

 

2

262

0

2

131

0

2

65

1

2

32

1

2

16

0

2

8

0

2

4

0

2

2

0

2

1

0

2

0

1

 

(524)10 = (1000001100)2

 

 

c.      (1010)2 × (110)2 – (1011)2 = (?)2

 

 

 

1

0

1

0

 

 

×

1

1

0

 

 

0

0

0

0

 

1

0

1

0

×

+ 1

0

1

0

×

×

   1

1

1

1

0

0

 

-

1

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

 

(1010)2 × (110)2 – (1011)2 = (110001)2

 

d.      (10110)2 ¸ (101)2

101)

1

0

1

1

0

(100

 

-1

0

1

 

 

 

 

0

0

0

1

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

-0

 

 

 

 

 

1

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quotient=100

Remainder=10

 

7. Convert/Calculate as per the instruction:

i) (10011011)2 = (?)8

 

Convert every 3 binary digits (from bit0) to octal digit (see conversion table below):

10011011

010 = 2

011 = 3

011 = 3

= 2 3 3

= (10011011)2 = (233)8

 

ii) (99)10 = (?)16

 

Divide by the base 16 to get the digits from the remainders:

Division
by 16

Quotient

Remainder

(Digit)

(99)/16

6

3

(6)/16

0

6

= (63)16

(99)10 = (63)16

 

iii) (10110) 2 x (101)2 = (?)2

 

 

 

 

1

0

1

1

0

 

 

 

 

x

1

0

1

 

 

 

1

0

1

1

0

 

 

0

0

0

0

0

x

 

1

0

1

1

0

x

x

 

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10110 × 101 = 1101110

 

iv) (101101)2 / (11) 2

 

11)

1

0

1

1

0

1

(1111

 

-

1

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

0

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

0

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

0

 

 

Q = 1111

R = 0

 

8. Convert/Calculate as per the instruction:

 a) (ABC)16 = (?)8

 Convert each hex digit to 4 binary digits

ABC

= A B C

A = 1010

B = 1011

C = 1100

= 101010111100

Convert every 3 binary digits (from bit0) to octal digit

101010111100

= 101 010 111 100

101 = 5

010 = 2

111 = 7

100 = 4

= 5274

(ABC)16 =  (5274)8

 

 b) (435)10 = (?)2

Division by 2

Quotient

Remainder(Digit)

(435)/2

217

1

(217)/2

108

1

(108)/2

54

0

(54)/2

27

0

(27)/2

13

1

(13)/2

6

1

(6)/2

3

0

(3)/2

1

1

(1)/2

0

1

= (110110011)2

 (435)10 = (110110011)2

 iii) (101)2x (101)2=(?)2

 

 

 

 

1

0

1

 

 

 

X

1

0

1

 

 

 

 

1

0

1

 

 

 

0

0

0

X

 

+

1

0

1

X

X

 

 

1

1

0

0

1

 

 

(101)2x (101)2=(11001)2

 

 iv) (101101) /¸(101)

 

 

101)

1

0

1

1

0

1

(1001

 

-

1

0

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

0

0

1

0

1

 

 

 

 

 

-

1

0

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

0

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quotient = 1001

Remainder = 0

 

8. Convert/Calculate as per the instruction:

a) (10110011)2 – (?)16

Soln:

Paired Binary Digit

1011

0011

Binary Equivalent value

B

3

 (10110011)2 = (B3)16

 

c) (1001 + 110)2 – (1000)2

 

1

0

0

1

 

+

1

1

0

 

1

1

1

1

-

1

0

0

0

 

0

1

1

1

(1001 + 110)2 – (1000)2 = (0111)2

 

b) (410)10 = (?)2

2

410

Remainder

2

205

0

2

102

1

2

51

0

2

25

1

2

12

1

2

6

0

2

3

0

2 

1

1

2

0

1

(410)10 = (110011010)2

d) (10110)2 ¸ (101)2

 

iv) (10110) 2 ¸ (101) 2

101)

 10110(

100

 

-101

 

 

  00010

 

 

         -0

 

 

        10

 

 

            Quotient = 100

            Remainder = 10

Convert/Calculate as per the instruction:

i) (214) 10 = (?)2

Divide by the base 2 to get the digits from the remainders:

Division
by 2

Quotient

Remainder

(Digit)

(214)/2

107

0

(107)/2

53

1

(53)/2

26

1

(26)/2

13

0

(13)/2

6

1

(6)/2

3

0

(3)/2

1

1

(1)/2

0

1

= (11010110)2

 

(214) 10 = (11010110)2

 

iii) (1011)2×(101) 2

 

 

 

 

1

0

1

1

 

 

 

 

x

1

0

1

 

 

 

 

1

0

1

1

 

 

 

0

0

0

0

x

 

 

1

0

1

1

x

x

 

 

1

1

0

1

1

1

(1011)2×(101) 2 = (110111)2

 

 

ii) (ABC) 16 = (?)2

Convert each hex digit to 4 binary digits (see conversion table below):

ABC

= A B C

A= 1010

B=1011

C=1100

= 101010111100

(ABC) 16 = (101010111100)2

 

iv) (10101)2 / (11)2

 

11)

1

0

1

0

1

(111

 

 

1

1

 

 

 

 

 

1

0

0

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

 

 

0

0

1

1

 

 

 

 

 

1

1

 

 

 

 

 

0

0

 

Q=111

R=0

8. Convert / Calculate as per the instruction.     4x1=4

i) (11111101)2 = (?)16

Soln:

Paired Binary Digit

1111

1101

Binary Equivalent value

F

D

 

(11111101)2 = (FD)16

 

ii) (245)10 = (?)2

Soln:

2

245

Remainder

2

122

1

2

61

0

2

30

1

2

15

0

2

7

1

2

3

1

2

1

1

 

0

1

 

  (245)10 = (11110101)2

 

iv) (101110) 2 ¸ (110) 2

110)

101110(

0111

 

000

 

 

1011

 

 

-110

 

 

1011

 

 

-110

 

 

1010

 

 

-110

 

 

100

 

 

            Quotient = 111

            Remainder = 100

iii) (1010) 2 x (101) 2 =(?)2

 

 

 

1

0

1

0

 

 

x

1

0

1

 

 

1

0

1

0

 

0

0

0

0

x

1

0

1

0

x

x

1

1

0

0

1

0

 

 (1010) 2 x (101) 2 =(110010)2

 

8. Convert / Calculate as per the instruction.     4x1=4

i) (214)10 = (?)2

Soln:

2

214

Remainder

2

107

0

2

53

1

2

26

1

2

13

0

2

6

1

2

3

0

2

1

1

 1

0

1

   (214)10 = (11010110)2

 

 i) (ABC)16 = (?)2

Soln:

Hexadecimal digit

A

B

C

Binary Equivalent value

1010

1011

1100

 (ABC)16 = (101010111100)2

 

iii) (1011) 2 × (101) 2  + (101) 2 =(?)2

  

 

1

0

1

1

 

 

x

1

0

1

 

 

1

0

1

1

 

0

0

0

0

x

1

0

1

1

x

x

1

1

0

1

1

1

 Now,

1 1 0 1 1 1

+       1 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0

(1011) 2 × (101) 2  + (101) 2 =(?)2 =(111100)2

 

iv) (101110) 2 ¸ (110) 2

11)

10101

111

 

 

 

 

-11

 

 

 100

 

 

-  11

 

 

     11

 

 

    -11

 

 

     00

 

 

    Quotient = 111

     Remainder = 00

8.     Convert/Calculate as per the instruction:

i) (11001101)2 = (?)16                        

Soln:

Paired Binary Digit

1100

1101

Binary Equivalent value

C

D

 

(10110011)2 = (CD)16

 

ii) (524)10 = (?)2

2

524

Remainder

2

262

0

2

131

0

2

65

1

2

32

1

2

16

0

2

8

0

2

4

0

2 

2

0

2

1

0

2

0

1

 

(524)10 = (1000001100)2

iii) (1010)2 ´ (110)2 – (1011)2 = (?)2

 

 

1

0

1

0

 

 

×

1

1

0

 

 

0

0

0

0

 

1

0

1

0

×

1

0

1

0

×

×

1

1

1

1

0

0

 

-

1

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

(1010)2 ´ (110)2 – (1011)2 = (110001)2

iv) (10110)2 ÷ (101)2

 101)

 10110(

100

 

-101

 

 

  00010

 

 

   -     0

 

 

         10 

 

 

            Quotient = 100

            Remainder = 10

 

Write a program in QBASIC that asks length, breadth and height of room and calculate its area and volume. Create a user defined function to calculate area and sub-program to calculate volume. Hint: [A=L×B], [V=L×B×H]

 

DECLARE FUNCTION AREA(L,B)

DECLARE SUB VOL(L,B,H)

CLS
INPUT “Enter Length”; L

INPUT “Enter Breadth”; B

INPUT “Enter Height”; H

PRINT “Area of room=”; AREA(L,B)

CALL VOL(L,B,H)

END

 

FUNCTION AREA(L,B)

AREA = L * B

END FUNCTION

 

SUB VOL(L,B,H)

V=L*B*H

PRINT “Volume of Room=”; V

END SUB

 

Write a program in QBASIC that asks radius and height of a cylinder Create a User Defined Function to calculate total surface area and a Sub Program to calculate the volume of a cylinder.

[Hint: TSA=2pr (r+h) and Volume pr2h]

 

DECLARE FUNCTION AREA(R, H)

DECLARE SUB VOL(R,H)

Cls

INPUT "Enter radius"; R

INPUT "Enter height"; H

PRINT AREA(R, H)

Call VOL(R, H)

END

 

FUNCTION AREA (R, H)

    AREA = 2 * 3.14 * R * (R + H)

END FUNCTION

 

SUB VOL (R, H)

    V = 3.14 * R ^ 2 * H

    PRINT "Volume of cylinder"; V

END SUB

 

 

Write a program in QBASIC that asks radius of a circle to calculate its area and circumference. Create a user defined function to calculate area and sub program to calculate circumference.

[Hint A= pr2, C= 2pr]

 

DECLARE FUNCTION AREA (R)

DECLARE SUB CIR (R)

CLS

INPUT “ENTER RADIUS”; R

PRINT “AREA OF SQUARE ”; AREA(R)

CALL CIR (R)

END

 

FUNCTION AREA (R)

AREA = 3.14 * R ^ 2

END FUNCTION

 

SUB CIR (R)

C = 2 * 3.14 * R

PRINT “CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLE”; C

END SUB

 

Write a program in Q-BASIC that asks length and breadth of a room and calculate its area and perimeter. Create a user-defined FUNCTION to calculate area and SUB program to calculate perimeter. [Hint: A=L×B, P=2(L+B)]

 

DECLARE FUNCTION AREA(L,B)

DECLARE SUB PER(L,B)

CLS

INPUT “ENTER LENGTH”; L

INPUT “ENTER BREADTH”; B

PRINT “AREA OF A ROOM=”; AREA(L,B)

CALL PER(L,B)

END

 

FUNCTION AREA(L,B)

AREA=L*B

END FUNCTION

 

SUB AREA(L,B)

P=2*(L+B)

PRINT “PERIMETER OF RECTANGLE=”; P

END SUB

 

Write a program in QBASIC that will asks the user to input length, breadth and height of a room then use SUB procedure calculate its volume and FUNCTION procedure to calculate its area of four walls.

DECLARE SUB VOL(L,B,H)

DECLARE FUNCTION AREA(L,B,H)

CLS

INPUT “Enter length”; L

INPUT “Enter breadth”; B

INPUT ”Enter height”; H

CALL VOL(L, B, H)

PRINT “Area of four walls=”; AREA(L, B, H)

END

SUB VOL(L, B, H)

V=L*B*H

PRINT “Volume of room”; V

END SUB

 

FUNCTION AREA(L, B, H)

AREA=2*H*(L+B)

END FUNCTION

 

 

A sequential data file called “Record.txt” has stored data under the field heading Roll No., Name, Gender, English, Nepali, Maths and Computer. Write a program to display all the information of those students whose gender is “F” and obtained marks in computer is more than 90.

 

OPEN “Record.txt” FOR INPUT AS #1

CLS

WHILE NOT EOF(1)

INPUT #1, R, N$, G$, E, N, M, C

IF UCASE$(G$)=”F” AND C>=90 THEN

PRINT R; N$; G$; E; N; M; C

END IF

WEND

CLOSE #1

END

 

Employee's name, address, gender and salary are stored in the "EMP.DAT" sequential data file. Write a QBASIC program that displays all information about personnel whose salaries exceed 60000.

 

OPEN "EMP.DAT" FOR INPUT AS #1

CLS

WHILE NOT EOF (1)

    INPUT #1, N$, A$, G$, S

    IF S > 60000 THEN PRINT N$, A$, G$, S

WEND

CLOSE #1

END

 

A sequential data file called “Record.dat” has stored data under the field headings: Roll No., Name, Gender, English, Nepali, Maths and Computer. Write a program to display all the information of those students whose marks in English is more than 40.

 

OPEN "Record.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1

CLS

WHILE NOT EOF (1)

    INPUT #1, R, N$, G$, E, NP, M, C

    IF E > 40 THEN PRINT R, N$, G$, E, NP, M, C

WEND

CLOSE #1

END

 

Students' name, class, section and address are stored in a data file called "STUDENT.DAT" Write a program to print all the records of students.

 

OPEN “STUDENT.DAT” FOR INPUT AS #1

CLS

WHILE NOT EOF(1)

INPUT #1, N$, C, S$, A$

PRINT N$, C, S$, A$

WEND

CLOSE #1

END

 

 

Write a program to create a sequential data file "student.dat" to store 10 students name and obtain marks in four different subjects.

 

OPEN "student.dat" FOR OUTPUT AS #1

FOR I = 1 TO 10
INPUT "Enter Name"; N$
INPUT “Enter Marks in English”; E

INPUT “Enter Marks in Nepali”; NE

INPUT “Enter Marks in Maths”; M

INPUT “Enter Marks in Science”; S

WRITE #1, N$, E, NE, M, S

NEXT I
CLOSE #1
END

 

Write a program to create a sequential data file “salary.dat” to store programmer’s name, salary and post according to the need of the user.

 

OPEN “salary.dat” FOR OUTPUT AS #1

DO

CLS
INPUT “Enter name”; N$

INPUT “Enter Salary”; S

INPUT “Enter Post”; P$

WRITE #1, N$, S, P$

INPUT “Do you want to continue(Y/N)”; CH$

LOOP WHILE UCASE$(CH$)=”Y”

CLOSE #1

END

 

Write a program in C language that asks a number and check whether it is odd or even.

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

{

int n;

printf("Enter any number: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

if(n % 2 = = 0 )

printf("%d is even number", n);

else

printf("%d is odd number", n);

return 0;

}

 

Write a program in C language that asks for an integer value and checks whether it is divisible by 7 or not.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

{

int n;

printf("Enter any number: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

if(n%7==0)

printf("%d is divisible by 7",n);

else

printf("%d is not divisible by 7",n);

return 0;

}

 

Write a program in C language to input a number then check whether the number is fully divisible by 5 or not.

       #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

{

int n;

printf("Enter any number: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

if(n%5= =0)

printf("%d is fully divisible by 5",n);

else

printf("%d is not fully divisible by 5",n);

return 0;

}

Write a C program that asks a number and check whether it is negative, positive or zero.

 

 #include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

{

int n;

printf("Enter any number: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

if(n>0)

printf("%d is positive number",n);

else if(n<0)

printf("%d is negative number",n);

else

printf("%d is zero number",n);

return 0;

}

 

Write a program in 'C' language to find simple interest where user need to input Principle, Rate and Time.

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

{

float p, t, r, i;

printf("Enter principal: ");

scanf("%f", &p);

printf("Enter time: ");

scanf("%f", &t);

printf("Enter rate: ");

scanf("%f", &r);

i = (p*t*r)/100;

printf("Simple Interest = %.2f", i);

return 0;

}

 

Write C program to find average number of any two numbers. (४)

 

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int num1, num2;

    float avg;

    printf("Enter first number: ");

    scanf("%d",&num1);

    printf("Enter second number: ");

    scanf("%d",&num2);

    avg= (num1+num2)/2;

    printf("Average of two number is: %f",avg);

    return 0;

}

 

Write a program in C language that asks any two numbers and displays the greatest among them.

 

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main( )

{

int a,b;

printf("Enter any two numbers:\n ");

scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);

if(a>b)

printf("The greatest number is %d", a);

else

printf("The greatest number is %d", b);

return 0;

}

 

Write a program in C language to display the series with their sum.1, 2, 3, 4 upto 10th terms.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

{

int i, s=0;

i=1;

while(i<=5)

{

    printf("%d \n", i);

    s = s + i;

    i++;

}

print("%d \n Sum=", s);

return 0;

}

 

Write a program in C language to display the series with their sum 1, 4, 9, 16.... up to 10th term.

#include <stdio.h>

int main( )

{

    int i, t, s = 0;

    printf("Series: ");

    for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++)

    {

        t = i * i; 

        printf("%d ", t);

        s += t; 

    }

    printf("\nSum of the series: %d\n", s);

    return 0;

}

Write a program in C-language to display the series 2, 4, 6, 8 up to the 10th term.

 

#include<stdio.h>

void main( )

{

int i,a=2;

for(i=1;i<=10;i++)

{

printf(“%d”, a);

a=a+2;

}

}

 

Write a program in C language to display first 10 odd numbers.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

{

int i, a;

i=1;

a=1;

while(i<=10)

{

    printf("%d \n", a);

    a=a+2;

    i++;

}

return 0;

}

 

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