Friday, September 19, 2025

5. Internet and Social Media

 

  5. Internet and Social Media

  5. Internet and Social Media

 

Internet

v The Internet is a global network of interconnected smaller networks that allows people to share information, communicate, and access services. It is used for education, business, entertainment, and government services worldwide.

v The Internet mainly uses TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol). TCP divides data into packets and ensures error-free delivery, while IP handles addressing and routing to the correct destination.

v The first computer network was ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), developed in the late 1960s by the U.S. Department of Defense. It connected universities and research centers and became the foundation of today’s Internet.

 

Uses of the Internet

v Used for communication through email, chat, and video calls.

v Helps in education with online classes, e-books, and research.

v Supports online shopping, banking, and business activities.

v Provides entertainment such as movies, music, and games.

v Used to read news, share information, and access government services.

 

Advantages of the Internet

v  Provides fast and easy communication worldwide.

v  Gives access to vast information and knowledge for study and research.

v  Supports online education, virtual classes, and e-learning.

v  Useful for online shopping, banking, and business transactions.

v  Offers entertainment like movies, music, games, and social media.

v  Makes government and public services easier to access.

v  Helps people work from home and connect with offices remotely.

 

Disadvantages of the Internet

v  Can cause addiction, especially to games and social media.

v  Reduces face-to-face communication and may increase loneliness.

v  Exposes users to cybercrime such as hacking, phishing, and fraud.

v  Spreads false information, fake news, and rumors quickly.

v  Children may come across harmful or inappropriate content.

v  Overuse harms physical and mental health (eye strain, stress).

v  Privacy and personal data may be misused by others.

 

5.1 Concept of WWW, Browser, Search engine, URL

 

World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of interlinked web pages and resources that can be accessed through the Internet using web browsers. It uses protocols like HTTP/HTTPS and was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN.

 

Components of the World Wide Web (WWW):

The main components of WWW are web browsers, web servers, web pages, websites, protocols (HTTP/HTTPS), URLs, and search engines.

 

 

 

 

 

Web Server

A web server is a computer or software that stores websites and delivers web pages to users when requested through a browser. It communicates using HTTP/HTTPS protocols, and examples include Apache, Microsoft IIS, LiteSpeed and Nginx.

 

Client

A client is a computer or software that requests services or resources from a server over a network. For example, when you use a browser to open a website, your computer acts as the client.

 

Server

A server is a computer or system that provides resources, services, or data to clients over a network. For example, a web server stores websites and sends pages when requested by a browser.

 

Uploading

Uploading is the process of sending files or data from a user’s computer to a web server on the Internet. For example, submitting an assignment to Google Classroom is uploading.

 

Downloading

Downloading is the process of receiving files or data from a web server to a user’s computer. For example, saving a PDF book or music file from a website is downloading.

 

Web Browsers

A web browser is software that allows users to access and view websites on the Internet. It displays text, images, videos, and links, and examples include Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. The first browser was Mosaic.

 

Web Pages

A web page is a single document on the World Wide Web that is written in HTML and displayed in a web browser. It may contain text, images, videos, and links that connect to other pages.

 

Home Page

A home page is the first page of a website that provides an overview and links to other sections of the site. It acts as the main entry point and usually contains menus and summaries.

 

Website

A website is a collection of related web pages that are stored on a server and accessed using a browser. Examples include www.wikipedia.org and www.amazon.com. Websites may be educational, business, or social.

 

URLs (Uniform Resource Locators):

A URL is the unique address of a web page or resource on the Internet. It consists of a protocol (http/https), domain name, top-level domain (TLD), and path. For example, https://www.google.com is a URL

URLs are essential because without them, browsers would not know where to find web pages or files.

 

Here are the key components and concepts associated with a URL:

·       Scheme/Protocol: The method used to access the resource on the internet.

·       Domain: The name of the server hosting the website. Example: In https://www.example.com, the domain is www.example.com.

·       Top-Level Domain (TLD The last part of the domain that indicates the type of website. Examples: .com – commercial, .org – organization, .edu – educational. Example: In www.example.com, .com is the TLD

·       Path: Shows the exact location of a resource on the server. Example: /path/to/resource in https://www.example.com/path/to/resource

 

Here’s an example of a complete URL and its components:

 

Search Engine

A search engine is a tool that helps users find information on the Internet by entering keywords. It uses crawlers to index web pages and shows results on a Search Engine Results Page (SERP). Examples are Google and Bing.

 

How does a search engine work?

  • Crawlers (spiders) scan websites and collect information.
  • The collected data is stored in an index (like a library catalogue).
  • When a user types keywords, the search engine checks its index.
  • The most relevant results are shown on the Search Engine Results Page (SERP).

 

 

Uses of Search Engines:

  • Helps find information on any topic quickly using keywords.
  • Locates websites, articles, images, videos, and documents.
  • Useful in education and research to access study materials.
  • Supports businesses in digital marketing and reaching customers.

 

VPN

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a service that provides a secure connection between a user’s device and the Internet. It hides the user’s IP address and protects personal data from hackers. VPNs are also used to access blocked websites and browse safely on public Wi-Fi. Popular VPN services include NordVPN, ExpressVPN, and ProtonVPN.

 

DNS

DNS is a system that translates domain names like www.google.com into numerical IP addresses so that computers can locate websites. It works like the phonebook of the Internet, helping browsers connect to the correct web server.

 

5.2 Concept of Remote Login (such as Any Desk, team viewer)

Remote login is a method of accessing and controlling a computer from another place through the Internet or a network. It allows a user to work on a computer as if they were sitting in front of it. Remote login uses protocols like SSH (Secure Shell) or RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol). Applications like AnyDesk, TeamViewer, and Windows Remote Desktop are popular for this purpose.

 

Uses of Remote Login

v  Allows employees to connect to office computers while working from home.

v  Helps IT staff fix problems on a user’s computer without being physically present.

v  Enables system administrators to manage and update servers from anywhere.

v  Supports collaboration by letting one person share and control their screen.

 

Advantages of Remote Login

  • Remote login allows users to access their computers or office networks from anywhere.
  • It saves time and cost because IT staff can fix problems without visiting physically.
  • Useful for remote work, online learning, and server management.
  • Promotes collaboration by enabling screen sharing and file transfer.

 

Disadvantages of Remote Login

  • Security risks such as hacking, phishing, and unauthorized access.
  • Needs a stable Internet connection; poor speed can cause delays.
  • May show slower performance compared to using the computer directly.
  • If not properly secured, it can lead to data loss or privacy issues.

 

Protocols used for remote login

Remote login uses special protocols to connect and control a computer over the Internet. The main protocols are SSH (Secure Shell), Telnet, RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol), and VNC (Virtual Network Computing). These define how data is transferred between client and server during remote access.

Protocol

Full Form

Use

Security

SSH

Secure Shell

Used mainly in Linux/Unix systems for secure remote login.

Encrypted and secure.

Telnet

–

Used for remote login in older systems.

Not secure (plain text).

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol

Used in Windows systems for graphical remote access.

Secure with encryption.

VNC

Virtual Network Computing

Allows viewing and controlling another computer’s desktop.

Less secure unless combined with encryption.

 

 

AnyDesk

AnyDesk is a remote desktop application that allows users to access and control another computer from a different location through the Internet. It is lightweight, fast, and supports secure screen sharing, file transfer, and collaboration across multiple platforms like Windows, Mac, Linux, and mobile devices.

 

 

TeamViewer

TeamViewer is remote desktop software that enables users to control, share, and access another computer or device over the Internet. It supports file transfer, screen sharing, video conferencing, and online meetings. TeamViewer is widely used for IT support, business collaboration, and personal use across different platforms.

 

TeamViewer Vs AnyDesk

 

Point

AnyDesk

TeamViewer

Speed

Faster and smoother on low Internet speed.

Slower on low Internet speed compared to AnyDesk.

Size

Lightweight software, simple to use.

Heavier software with more built-in features.

Features

Focuses mainly on remote access and file transfer.

Supports remote access, file transfer, online meetings, and video calls.

File Transfer

Very fast and efficient file transfer.

Supports file transfer but slower than AnyDesk.

Best Use

Best for quick remote access and personal use.

Best for business, collaboration, and professional IT support.

 

5.3 Concept of protocols (HTTP, HTTPS)

 

Web protocols

A web protocol is a set of rules that allows communication and data transfer between computers, servers, and browsers over the Internet. They make sure information is sent and received correctly. Examples of web protocols include HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, and DNS.

 

Examples of web protocols

 

HTTP

HTTP is a protocol used to transfer web pages from a server to a browser. It usually works on port 80 and allows the transfer of text, images, and multimedia. However, it is not secure because data is sent in plain text.

 

HTTPS

HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP that uses SSL/TLS encryption to protect data during transfer. It works on port 443 and is used for secure browsing, especially in online banking, shopping, and login systems.

 

HTTP Vs HTTPS

Point

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)

Meaning

Used to transfer web pages and resources.

Secure version of HTTP with encryption.

Security

Sends data in plain text, not secure.

Encrypts data using SSL/TLS, very secure.

Port

Works on port 80.

Works on port 443.

Use

Used for normal browsing (non-sensitive).

Used for secure browsing (banking, shopping, logins).

 

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

FTP is a protocol used to upload and download files between a client and a server. It works on port 21 and is widely used for website management and file sharing, though it is less secure without encryption.

 

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

SMTP is a protocol used for sending and forwarding emails across the Internet. It follows a client–server model and works on ports 25, 465, or 587 to deliver outgoing messages.

 

POP (Post Office Protocol)

POP is a protocol used by email clients to download messages from a mail server to a computer. The latest version, POP3, usually deletes the emails from the server after download, making them accessible only on one device.

 

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

IMAP is a protocol that allows users to access and manage emails directly on the mail server without removing them. It supports synchronization, meaning the same mailbox can be viewed across multiple devices.

 

Protocol

Full Form

Main Function

Storage/Access

Port (Basic)

POP

Post Office Protocol

Downloads emails from server to device.

Emails are usually removed from server after download.

Port 110 (POP3)

IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol

Reads and manages emails directly on the server.

Emails stay on the server and sync across devices.

Port 143

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Sends and forwards emails between servers.

Does not store emails, only transfers them.

Port 25

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) is the basic communication protocol of the Internet. TCP divides data into small packets and ensures they are error-free, while IP handles addressing and delivers the packets to the correct destination. Without TCP/IP, the Internet would not work.

 

5.4 Email and its uses

 

Email

Email (Electronic Mail) is a system of sending and receiving digital messages over the Internet. It allows people to share text, images, files, and documents instantly with others anywhere in the world. Examples of email services are Gmail, Yahoo Mail, and Outlook. Email was developed by Ray Tomilnson in 1971.

 

Uses of Email

  • Used to send and receive messages quickly over the Internet.
  • Allows sharing of files, images, and documents as attachments.
  • Helps in education for assignments and communication between teachers and students.
  • Widely used in business communication, job applications, and creating online accounts.

 

Advantages of Email

  • Very fast, reliable, and cheaper than letters or phone calls.
  • Allows attaching files, documents, and images with messages.
  • Provides a written record of communication for future reference.
  • Useful for personal, educational, and professional purposes.

 

Disadvantages of Email

  • Needs Internet access, which may not be available everywhere.
  • Users receive spam or junk mail that wastes time.
  • Emails can be hacked, leading to phishing and cybercrime.
  • Too many emails can overload users and reduce productivity.

 

5.5 Appropriate usage of social media and safely accessing web sites

 

Social Media

Social media are online platforms and applications that allow people to create, share, and exchange information, photos, and videos, and communicate with others worldwide. Examples include Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, TikTok, and YouTube. It is used for communication, education, business promotion, and entertainment.

 

Uses of Social Media

  • Connects and communicates with friends, family, and people worldwide.
  • Shares photos, videos, news, and ideas instantly.
  • Used in education for online learning and knowledge sharing.
  • Businesses use it for advertising, marketing, and customer engagement.
  • Helps spread awareness about social, health, and political issues.
  • Provides entertainment through memes, music, videos, and live streams.
  • Used for job opportunities and professional networking (e.g., LinkedIn).

 

Advantages of Social Media

  • Helps people communicate instantly across the world.
  • Useful for sharing information, photos, videos, and ideas.
  • Supports online education and knowledge sharing.
  • Useful for business promotion, advertising, and branding.
  • Raises awareness about important social and health issues.
  • Provides entertainment and news updates.

 

Disadvantages of Social Media

  • Can cause addiction and waste valuable time.
  • Leads to cyberbullying, trolling, and online harassment.
  • Creates privacy risks and danger of data theft.
  • Spreads fake news, misinformation, and rumors quickly.
  • Reduces real-life communication and increases loneliness.
  • Overuse can harm mental health, causing stress or depression.

 

Examples of Social Media Platforms

  • Facebook – for connecting with friends and groups.
  • Instagram – for sharing photos and short videos.
  • Twitter/X – for news and quick updates.
  • WhatsApp – for instant messaging and calls.
  • YouTube – for uploading and watching videos.
  • Snapchat – for short-lived pictures and videos.

 

Points required for Social Media Safety

  • Use strong and unique passwords for all accounts.
  • Do not share personal information like address, phone number, or passwords.
  • Adjust privacy settings to control who can see your posts and profile.
  • Avoid clicking on suspicious links or messages to prevent hacking or phishing.
  • Do not accept friend requests from strangers.
  • Be careful while sharing photos, videos, or location details.
  • Report and block accounts involved in cyberbullying or harassment.
  • Keep apps and antivirus software updated for security.
  • Limit screen time to avoid addiction and mental stress.
  • Always log out of accounts when using public computers or networks.

 

 

5.6 Introduction to Video conference tools (Zoom, Google Meet, MS Teams)

 

Concept of online video meeting

Video conferencing is a technology that allows people in different locations to communicate face-to-face online using audio and video. It is widely used in education, business, healthcare, and personal communication. Examples include Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, and Skype.

 

Features of Video Conferencing

  • Provides real-time audio and video communication.
  • Allows screen sharing to present documents or slides.
  • Offers chat and messaging alongside video calls.
  • Supports recording of meetings for future use.
  • Accessible on multiple devices like computers and smartphones.

 

Examples of online video meetings

 

Zoom

Zoom is a popular video conferencing software that allows people to communicate online through video, audio, and chat. It supports features like screen sharing, file sharing, recording, and breakout rooms. Zoom is widely used in education for online classes, in businesses for meetings, and by individuals for personal communication.

 

Google Meet

Google Meet is a video conferencing platform developed by Google. It allows people to hold online classes, meetings, and video calls with features like screen sharing, chat, and live captions. It is widely used in education and business because it is simple, secure, and easily accessible through Gmail or Google Calendar.

 

Microsoft Teams (MS Teams)

Microsoft Teams is a communication and collaboration platform by Microsoft. It combines video conferencing, chat, file sharing, and integration with Office 365 apps like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. It is mostly used in workplaces, schools, and remote teamwork.

 

Skype

Skype is a communication software that allows voice calls, video calls, instant messaging, and file sharing over the Internet. It can be used on computers and mobile devices. Skype is widely used for personal communication, online interviews, and small business meetings.

 

5.7 Concept of blogs and its features Concept of blog

A blog is an online journal or website where people regularly post articles, ideas, or experiences. Blogs may include text, images, and videos, and allow readers to comment and share. They are used for education, business promotion, knowledge sharing, and personal expression.

 

Advantages of Blogs

  • Blogs are easy to create and update without much technical knowledge.
  • They allow people to share knowledge, opinions, and experiences with a wide audience.
  • Useful for education, business promotion, and improving writing skills.
  • Encourage interaction through comments and feedback.

 

Disadvantages of Blogs

  • Maintaining a blog requires time, effort, and regular updates.
  • Blogs may have low traffic if not promoted properly.
  • They can spread false or unverified information.
  • Content may be copied or misused without permission.

 

Features of a Blog

  1. Posts/Articles: Blogs are updated with posts on specific topics.
  2. Reverse Chronological Order: New posts appear first at the top.
  3. Comments Section: Readers can comment, ask questions, and interact.
  4. Categories: Posts are grouped into categories for easy browsing.
  5. Tags: Tags describe posts and make searching easier.
  6. Archives: Older posts are stored by date for future reference.
  7. Multimedia Content: Blogs can include text, images, videos, or audio.
  8. Search Function: A search bar helps readers find specific content.
  9. Subscription/Follow Option: Readers can subscribe for updates.
  10. Personal or Professional Tone: Blogs may be personal (experiences) or professional (business/education).

 

Examples of Blogs

  • Educational Blog: A teacher writing study tips or tutorials for students.
  • Travel Blog: A traveler sharing experiences, stories, and photos of trips.
  • Food Blog: Posts about recipes, cooking tutorials, and food reviews.
  • Technology Blog: Articles on gadgets, software, and new inventions.
  • Lifestyle Blog: Posts on fashion, health, daily life, and personal experiences.

 

 

 

GitHub

GitHub is an online platform used for storing, sharing, and collaborating on projects, especially computer programs. It is based on Git, a system that tracks changes made to files. GitHub also allows users to create websites through GitHub Pages.

 

Uses of GitHub

  • Programmers use GitHub to build and share software projects together.
  • Students and teachers upload assignments, notes, or code for easy access.
  • It helps in teamwork by allowing suggestions, edits, and collaboration.
  • GitHub Pages allows creating free personal blogs or websites.

 

Example

  • A student uploads a science project (code + notes) on GitHub.
  • Classmates (clients) can view or even suggest changes, and the main student (server/owner) can accept or reject them.

 

GitHub Pages

GitHub Pages is a free service by GitHub that allows users to turn a repository (project folder) into a simple website or blog. It is often used by students, teachers, and programmers to publish notes, projects, or personal websites.

 

Steps to Create a Website using GitHub Pages

  1. Create a repository (project folder) on GitHub.
  2. Add HTML/CSS files or use a ready-made template.
  3. Go to repository settings and enable GitHub Pages.
  4. Your site becomes live at: https://yourusername.github.io/projectname

 

 

***

 

📘 100 Knowledge-Level MCQs – Internet & Social Media (Class 9)

A. Internet (Q1–15)

1. Internet is a:
a) Single computer
b) Global network of interconnected networks ✅
c) Local system
d) None

  • Explanation: Internet links millions of smaller networks.

2. The first computer network was:
a) ARPANET ✅
b) WWW
c) DNS
d) LAN

3. Internet was developed by:
a) U.S. Department of Defense ✅
b) Microsoft
c) Google
d) IBM

4. Which protocol is the backbone of Internet?
a) FTP
b) TCP/IP ✅
c) SMTP
d) HTTP

5. Which is NOT an Internet service?
a) Online shopping
b) Email
c) Gardening ✅
d) E-learning

6. Internet works on which model?
a) Client–Server ✅
b) Teacher–Student
c) Peer–Peer
d) None

7. Internet helps in:
a) Sending emails ✅
b) Growing crops
c) Building houses
d) Cooking

8. Which is an advantage of Internet?
a) Addiction
b) Fast communication ✅
c) Fake news
d) Cybercrime

9. Which is a disadvantage of Internet?
a) Fast communication
b) Entertainment
c) Cybercrime ✅
d) Online classes

10. Overuse of Internet can cause:
a) Eye strain ✅
b) Clear eyesight
c) Better sleep
d) Strong muscles

11. Which Internet service is useful for education?
a) Online classes ✅
b) Farming
c) Painting
d) Cooking

12. Which device is needed for Internet?
a) Modem ✅
b) Printer
c) Projector
d) Chalkboard

13. Which is NOT an Internet disadvantage?
a) Fake news
b) Addiction
c) Online learning ✅
d) Cybercrime

14. Example of Internet in government services is:
a) Paying electricity bill online ✅
b) Playing football
c) Shopping in market
d) Writing letters

15. Internet was first introduced in which year?
a) 1969 ✅
b) 1989
c) 1999
d) 2009

B. WWW, Browser, URL (Q16–30)

16. WWW stands for:
a) World Wide Web ✅
b) World Wireless Web
c) Web World Wide
d) None

17. WWW was invented by:
a) Tim Berners-Lee ✅
b) Charles Babbage
c) Bill Gates
d) Steve Jobs

18. WWW was invented in:
a) 1989 ✅
b) 1969
c) 1999
d) 2009

19. A web browser is:
a) Application software ✅
b) Hardware device
c) Operating system
d) Protocol

20. Which is NOT a browser?
a) Chrome
b) Firefox
c) WhatsApp ✅
d) Safari

21. First web browser was:
a) Mosaic ✅
b) Chrome
c) Opera
d) Edge

22. URL stands for:
a) Uniform Resource Locator ✅
b) Universal Research Locator
c) Uniform Retrieval Link
d) Unified Resource Link

23. Example of a URL is:
a) https://www.google.com ✅
b) HTML
c) TCP/IP
d) SMTP

24. In “https://www.google.com”, .com is:
a) Top-Level Domain ✅
b) Domain name
c) Protocol
d) Path

25. The first page of a website is called:
a) Home page ✅
b) Last page
c) Archive
d) Server page

26. HTML is used for:
a) Creating web pages ✅
b) Sending emails
c) Building servers
d) Managing networks

27. A website is:
a) A collection of web pages ✅
b) A single page
c) A server
d) A browser

28. A web page is:
a) A single document on WWW ✅
b) A collection of websites
c) A TLD
d) A search engine

29. Hyperlink is:
a) A clickable link ✅
b) A server
c) A virus
d) A modem

30. Which part of a URL shows security?
a) HTTPS ✅
b) www
c) .org
d) Path

C. Client, Server, Uploading, Downloading (Q31–45)

31. A client is:
a) Device requesting services ✅
b) Device providing services
c) A URL
d) A web page

32. A server is:
a) Device providing resources ✅
b) A requesting device
c) A hyperlink
d) A TLD

33. Example of a client is:
a) Browser ✅
b) Apache
c) Web server
d) FTP

34. Example of a server is:
a) Apache ✅
b) Chrome
c) WhatsApp
d) TikTok

35. Uploading means:
a) Sending files to server ✅
b) Receiving files
c) Deleting files
d) Printing

36. Downloading means:
a) Receiving files from server ✅
b) Sending files
c) Uploading again
d) Reading

37. Example of uploading is:
a) Submitting assignment in Google Classroom ✅
b) Downloading PDF
c) Watching video
d) Reading news

38. Example of downloading is:
a) Saving PDF book from website ✅
b) Uploading homework
c) Browsing news
d) Sending files

39. Client–server model means:
a) Client requests, server provides ✅
b) Server requests, client provides
c) Both are same
d) None

40. In client-server model, browser acts as:
a) Client ✅
b) Server
c) URL
d) DNS

41. Uploading example is:
a) Sending photos to Facebook ✅
b) Watching video
c) Saving e-book
d) Reading email

42. Downloading example is:
a) Saving song from Internet ✅
b) Sending homework
c) Uploading image
d) Making website

43. Web hosting is related to:
a) Storing websites on server ✅
b) Uploading music
c) Watching movies
d) Emailing

44. A server delivers:
a) Web pages ✅
b) Emails only
c) Hardware
d) Applications only

45. Client software example is:
a) Chrome ✅
b) Apache
c) DNS
d) FTP server

D. Search Engines, DNS, VPN (Q46–60)

46. A search engine is:
a) Tool to find info on Internet ✅
b) Social media
c) Browser
d) Server

47. Example of search engine:
a) Google ✅
b) Facebook
c) WhatsApp
d) TikTok

48. Which is NOT a search engine?
a) Bing
b) Yahoo
c) Instagram ✅
d) DuckDuckGo

49. DNS stands for:
a) Domain Name System ✅
b) Digital Number Service
c) Data Network Server
d) Domain Node Storage

50. DNS converts:
a) Domain names into IP addresses ✅
b) IP addresses into domain names only
c) Emails into text
d) URLs into HTML

51. DNS works like a:
a) Phonebook ✅
b) Calculator
c) Dictionary
d) Computer

52. VPN stands for:
a) Virtual Private Network ✅
b) Visual Personal Network
c) Verified Private Node
d) Virtual Public Network

53. Example of VPN is:
a) NordVPN ✅
b) Chrome
c) Facebook
d) Twitter

54. VPN is used for:
a) Hiding IP address ✅
b) Showing ads
c) Watching TV
d) Printing

55. Search engines use:
a) Crawlers ✅
b) Hackers
c) Viruses
d) Servers

56. SERP stands for:
a) Search Engine Results Page ✅
b) Search Engine Research Process
c) Systematic Engine Report Page
d) Server Engine Results Page

57. Which search engine focuses on privacy?
a) DuckDuckGo ✅
b) Bing
c) Yahoo
d) Chrome

58. Without DNS, users must remember:
a) IP addresses ✅
b) Passwords
c) Email IDs
d) Files

59. Search engine can find:
a) Websites ✅
b) Servers
c) Modems
d) Keyboards

60. Google Maps is a service of:
a) Search engine ✅
b) Server
c) Browser
d) DNS

E. Remote Login, AnyDesk, TeamViewer (Q61–75)

61. Remote login means:
a) Accessing computer from another place ✅
b) Playing games
c) Printing files
d) Reading books

62. Which protocol is secure for remote login?
a) SSH ✅
b) Telnet
c) FTP
d) DNS

63. Telnet is:
a) Insecure protocol ✅
b) Secure protocol
c) Browser
d) Server

64. RDP is used in:
a) Windows ✅
b) Linux
c) Android
d) Mac only

65. VNC stands for:
a) Virtual Network Computing ✅
b) Virtual Node Communication
c) Visual Net Client
d) Verified Network Control

66. Example of remote login software:
a) AnyDesk ✅
b) Chrome
c) Firefox
d) Safari

67. TeamViewer is used for:
a) Remote access and file transfer ✅
b) Cooking
c) Watching movies
d) Browsing

68. Which is lighter software?
a) AnyDesk ✅
b) TeamViewer
c) Zoom
d) Skype

69. Which is best for business collaboration?
a) TeamViewer ✅
b) AnyDesk
c) TikTok
d) Snapchat

70. Which remote login protocol sends plain text?
a) Telnet ✅
b) SSH
c) RDP
d) HTTPS

71. AnyDesk is known for:
a) Fast performance ✅
b) Slow speed
c) Heavy size
d) Video editing

72. TeamViewer supports:
a) Online meetings ✅
b) Only games
c) Only chat
d) None

73. Remote login requires:
a) Internet connection ✅
b) Typewriter
c) Radio
d) TV

74. Which protocol shows desktop remotely?
a) VNC ✅
b) HTTP
c) SMTP
d) POP

75. Remote login is useful for:
a) IT troubleshooting ✅
b) Farming
c) Teaching offline
d) Cooking

F. Protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, Email, TCP/IP) (Q76–90)

76. HTTP stands for:
a) HyperText Transfer Protocol ✅
b) Hyperlink Transfer Protocol
c) High Text Transfer Path
d) Hyper Transfer Text

77. HTTPS stands for:
a) HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure ✅
b) High Transfer Path Secure
c) Hyperlink Text Protocol
d) Hyper Tool Text

78. HTTP works on port:
a) 80 ✅
b) 443
c) 21
d) 25

79. HTTPS works on port:
a) 443 ✅
b) 80
c) 21
d) 143

80. HTTPS uses:
a) SSL/TLS encryption ✅
b) HTML
c) FTP
d) POP

81. FTP stands for:
a) File Transfer Protocol ✅
b) File Transfer Program
c) File Transfer Process
d) File Testing Protocol

82. FTP works on port:
a) 21 ✅
b) 80
c) 143
d) 25

83. SMTP is used for:
a) Sending emails ✅
b) Receiving emails
c) Transferring files
d) Hosting sites

84. POP is used for:
a) Receiving and downloading emails ✅
b) Sending emails
c) Hosting servers
d) Storing files

85. IMAP is used for:
a) Reading emails on server ✅
b) Sending emails
c) File transfer
d) Watching movies

86. POP3 works on port:
a) 110 ✅
b) 25
c) 80
d) 443

87. IMAP works on port:
a) 143 ✅
b) 25
c) 110
d) 21

88. TCP stands for:
a) Transmission Control Protocol ✅
b) Transfer Control Program
c) Text Control Path
d) None

89. IP stands for:
a) Internet Protocol ✅
b) Internal Process
c) Integrated Path
d) Information Protocol

90. TCP/IP is:
a) Set of rules for Internet communication ✅
b) Email system
c) Browser
d) Server software

G. Email, Social Media, Blogs, GitHub (Q91–100)

91. Email stands for:
a) Electronic Mail ✅
b) Easy Mail
c) Express Mail
d) Electric Mail

92. Email was invented by:
a) Ray Tomlinson ✅
b) Tim Berners-Lee
c) Bill Gates
d) Steve Jobs

93. Which is NOT an email service?
a) Gmail
b) Outlook
c) WhatsApp ✅
d) Yahoo Mail

94. Which is a disadvantage of email?
a) Spam messages ✅
b) Fast communication
c) Cheap
d) Written record

95. Which is NOT a social media platform?
a) Facebook
b) Twitter
c) TikTok
d) Chrome ✅

96. Which social media is used for short videos?
a) TikTok ✅
b) Gmail
c) Google
d) Edge

97. Blog is:
a) Online journal/website ✅
b) Browser
c) Server
d) Protocol

98. Which is a blogging platform?
a) WordPress ✅
b) Chrome
c) WhatsApp
d) FTP

99. GitHub is mainly used for:
a) Sharing code and projects ✅
b) Sending emails
c) Making movies
d) Browsing

100. GitHub Pages is used for:
a) Hosting free websites ✅
b) Sending email
c) Watching videos
d) File downloading

 

 

📘 70 Short Questions (2 Marks Each) with Answers

A. Internet (Q1–10)

1. What is the Internet?

  • The Internet is a global network of interconnected smaller networks. It allows users to share information, communicate, and access services worldwide.

2. What was ARPANET?

  • ARPANET was the first computer network developed in 1969 by the U.S. Department of Defense. It later became the foundation of today’s Internet.

3. Mention two uses of the Internet in education.

  • The Internet is used for online classes and e-books. It also provides research materials for students and teachers.

4. Mention two advantages of the Internet.

  • It provides fast communication worldwide.
  • It gives access to a vast collection of information.

5. Mention two disadvantages of the Internet.

  • The Internet spreads fake news quickly.
  • Overuse may cause health issues such as eye strain.

6. How is the Internet used in government services?

  • People can pay utility bills online and apply for documents. It saves time and improves efficiency.

7. Why is cybercrime a problem on the Internet?

  • Hackers misuse personal data through phishing and fraud. This makes the Internet risky for users.

8. How does the Internet support business?

  • It helps in online shopping, digital marketing, and online banking, making business faster and more convenient.

9. Give one example of Internet use in entertainment.

  • People watch movies, listen to music, or play online games using the Internet.

10. What happens if we overuse the Internet?

  • Overuse may cause addiction, reduced social interaction, and mental stress in students and young people.

B. WWW, Browser, URL (Q11–20)

11. What is WWW?

  • The World Wide Web is a collection of interlinked web pages and resources. It can be accessed using web browsers.

12. Who invented the WWW and when?

  • Tim Berners-Lee invented the WWW in 1989 at CERN, Switzerland.

13. What is a web browser? Give examples.

  • A web browser is software that allows access to websites. Examples: Chrome, Firefox, Safari.

14. What is a URL?

  • URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is the web address of a page or file on the Internet.

15. What is a web server?

  • A web server is a computer that stores websites and delivers web pages to clients when requested.

16. Define a web page.

  • A web page is a single document written in HTML that may contain text, images, and videos, and is displayed in a browser.

17. What is a website?

  • A website is a collection of related web pages stored on a server. Example: www.wikipedia.org.

18. What is the home page of a website?

  • The home page is the first/main page of a website. It serves as the entry point and provides navigation.

19. What is a hyperlink?

  • A hyperlink is a clickable link in a web page that connects one page to another within or outside a website.

20. What is HTML?

  • HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to design and create web pages.

C. Client, Server, Uploading/Downloading (Q21–28)

21. What is a client?

  • A client is a computer or software that requests services from a server. Example: Browser.

22. What is a server?

  • A server is a computer or device that provides services and resources to clients.

23. Define uploading with an example.

  • Uploading means sending files from a user’s device to a server. Example: Submitting an assignment to Google Classroom.

24. Define downloading with an example.

  • Downloading means receiving files from a server to a user’s device. Example: Saving a PDF book from a website.

25. What is meant by the client-server model?

  • In this model, clients request services, and servers provide them. It is the basic working model of the Internet.

26. What is web hosting?

  • Web hosting is a service that stores websites on servers and makes them available online 24/7.

27. Mention one example of client software.

  • Google Chrome is an example of client software used to access web pages.

28. Mention one example of server software.

  • Apache and Nginx are examples of web server software.

D. Search Engine, DNS, VPN (Q29–38)

29. What is a search engine?

  • A search engine is a tool that helps users find information on the Internet. Example: Google.

30. What is SERP?

  • SERP stands for Search Engine Results Page. It shows the results when a user searches something.

31. What is DNS?

  • DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names like www.google.com into numerical IP addresses.

32. Why is DNS called the “phonebook of the Internet”?

  • DNS maps domain names to IP addresses, just as a phonebook maps names to phone numbers.

33. What is VPN?

  • VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a secure connection that hides the user’s IP and protects online activities.

34. Mention one use of VPN.

  • VPN allows users to access blocked websites and maintain privacy on public Wi-Fi.

35. Give one example of a VPN service.

  • NordVPN is a popular VPN service used worldwide.

36. Mention one example of a search engine.

  • Google and Bing are popular examples of search engines.

37. Which program is used by search engines to scan websites?

  • Crawlers or spiders are used to scan and index websites.

38. Which search engine focuses on privacy?

  • DuckDuckGo is a search engine known for not tracking users.

E. Remote Login, AnyDesk, TeamViewer (Q39–48)

39. What is remote login?

  • Remote login allows a user to access and control a computer from another location via the Internet.

40. Write two uses of remote login.

  • IT staff can fix computers remotely.
  • Employees can work from home using office computers.

41. Write two protocols used for remote login.

  • SSH (Secure Shell) and RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol).

42. What is SSH?

  • SSH is a secure protocol used for remote login with encryption, mainly in Linux/Unix systems.

43. What is Telnet?

  • Telnet is an older remote login protocol that sends data in plain text and is not secure.

44. What is AnyDesk?

  • AnyDesk is a lightweight remote desktop software used for fast and secure access to computers.

45. What is TeamViewer?

  • TeamViewer is a remote desktop software that supports file transfer, remote access, and online meetings.

46. Difference between AnyDesk and TeamViewer (one point).

  • AnyDesk is lightweight and faster, while TeamViewer is better for business collaboration.

47. What is RDP?

  • RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is used in Windows systems to log in and control computers remotely.

48. What is VNC?

  • VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a protocol that allows viewing and controlling another computer’s desktop.

F. Protocols (Q49–60)

49. What is HTTP?

  • HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer web pages between server and client.

50. What is HTTPS?

  • HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP that uses SSL/TLS encryption for safe communication.

51. What is FTP?

  • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to upload and download files between client and server.

52. What is SMTP?

  • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used to send and forward emails.

53. What is POP?

  • POP (Post Office Protocol) downloads emails from a server to a single device.

54. What is IMAP?

  • IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) allows users to read and manage emails directly on the server.

55. Which port does HTTP use?

  • HTTP usually works on port 80.

56. Which port does HTTPS use?

  • HTTPS usually works on port 443.

57. Which port does FTP use?

  • FTP generally works on port 21.

58. Which port does POP3 use?

  • POP3 usually works on port 110.

59. Which port does IMAP use?

  • IMAP works on port 143 (or 993 for secure).

60. What is TCP/IP?

  • TCP/IP is a set of communication rules. TCP handles data transfer reliably, and IP manages addressing and routing.

G. Email, Social Media, Blogs, GitHub (Q61–70)

61. What is email?

  • Email is a system for sending and receiving digital messages over the Internet.

62. Who invented email?

  • Email was invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1971.

63. Mention two uses of email.

  • Sending messages quickly worldwide.
  • Sharing documents and files as attachments.

64. Write two advantages of email.

  • Fast and cheap communication.
  • Provides a written record for future reference.

65. Write two disadvantages of email.

  • Spam messages waste time.
  • Emails are vulnerable to hacking and phishing.

66. What is social media?

  • Social media are online platforms where people share information, photos, videos, and communicate globally.

67. Give two examples of social media platforms.

  • Facebook and Instagram are popular social media platforms.

68. What is a blog?

  • A blog is an online journal or website where people share articles, experiences, or knowledge.

69. What is GitHub?

  • GitHub is an online platform for storing, sharing, and collaborating on code and projects.

70. What is GitHub Pages?

  • GitHub Pages is a free service to host websites or blogs directly from GitHub repositories.

 

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4.4 CSS

  4.4 CSS



CSS: The Power Behind Beautiful Web Pages – A Guide for Grade 9 Students

Hey there, future web developers!
Are you curious about how the stunning web pages you visit every day are designed? You’re about to learn the secret behind it all: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). But don’t worry, we’ll break it all down for you in a fun and easy-to-understand way. Whether you’re just starting or already familiar with web development, by the end of this post, you’ll feel confident in your ability to create beautiful web pages with CSS.

Let’s dive in and understand what CSS is, why it's essential, and how to use it to make your websites look awesome!

What is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It’s a language that controls the style of your HTML content. While HTML gives structure to your webpage (like text, images, and links), CSS handles how that content looks on the screen.

Think of HTML as the skeleton of a webpage, and CSS as the clothing that makes it stylish and visually appealing!

CSS allows you to control:

  • Colors

  • Fonts

  • Layout (like how things are arranged on the page)

  • Spacing (margin, padding, and borders)

Why is CSS Important?

  1. It makes your website look good – CSS adds color, fonts, and positioning that make your website visually appealing.

  2. It separates structure from style – HTML focuses on the structure (content), while CSS handles the styling (look and feel), which makes your code cleaner and easier to manage.

  3. It helps create responsive designs – With CSS, you can adjust how your website looks on different devices, such as computers, tablets, and phones. This is known as responsive design.

The Basics of CSS Syntax

When you write CSS, you use a selector to choose an HTML element and then apply specific styles to it. A basic CSS rule has two parts:

  1. Selector: The HTML element you want to style.

  2. Declaration Block: The styles you want to apply.

Here’s a simple example:

p {
    color: red;
    font-size: 16px;
}

In this example:

  • p is the selector (targeting all <p> elements).

  • color: red; and font-size: 16px; are the declarations, where color and font-size are the properties, and red and 16px are the values.

CSS Properties and Values

CSS properties tell the browser what aspect of the element to modify. Here are some common properties and their values:

  • color: Changes the text color.

  • font-family: Defines the font used for the text.

  • font-size: Controls the size of the text.

  • background-color: Sets the background color of an element.

  • margin: Defines the space outside an element.

  • padding: Defines the space inside an element, between the content and the border.

CSS Selectors: How to Target HTML Elements

In CSS, selectors are used to target specific HTML elements. There are several types of selectors you can use:

1. Element Selector

This targets all elements of a specific type.

Example:

h1 {
    color: blue;
}

This will change the text color of all <h1> elements to blue.

2. ID Selector

This targets a specific element with a unique ID. IDs must be unique within a page.

Example:

#header {
    background-color: yellow;
}

Here, #header targets an element with the ID header.

3. Class Selector

This targets elements with a specific class attribute. Multiple elements can share the same class.

Example:

.highlight {
    font-weight: bold;
}

This will apply bold text to all elements with the class highlight.

4. Universal Selector

This targets all elements on a page.

Example:

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

This removes the default margin and padding for every element on the page.

Different Ways to Apply CSS

There are three primary ways to apply CSS to an HTML document:

1. Inline CSS

You can apply CSS directly within the HTML element using the style attribute. This method is useful for small, quick changes.

Example:

<h1 style="color: blue; background-color: yellow;">Hello World!</h1>

2. Internal CSS

Internal CSS is placed inside the <style> tag within the <head> section of the HTML document. This method is useful when you want to style a single webpage.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>My First CSS Example</title>
    <style>
        h1 {
            color: blue;
            background-color: yellow;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello World!</h1>
</body>
</html>

3. External CSS

External CSS is written in a separate file with a .css extension. This file is linked to your HTML document, and it's the best method for styling large websites.

Example:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

The styles.css file contains the CSS code.

CSS Box Model: Understanding How Elements are Arranged

The CSS box model describes how elements are arranged on a webpage. Each element is essentially a box that contains four parts:

  1. Content: This is the actual content of the element, such as text or images.

  2. Padding: The space between the content and the border. It makes the box larger.

  3. Border: The frame that surrounds the padding (if you define one).

  4. Margin: The space outside the border, separating the element from other elements.

Here’s an example to visualize the box model:

h2 {
    padding: 20px;
    border: 2px solid black;
    margin: 30px;
    background-color: lightblue;
}

CSS Measurement Units

CSS uses different units to define sizes and spacing. Some of the most common units are:

  • px (Pixels): A fixed unit based on the screen’s resolution. Great for precise control.

  • em: Relative to the font size of the element. 1em is equal to the current font size.

  • % (Percentage): Relative to the parent element's size.

Common CSS Properties

Here’s a quick reference of some common CSS properties and what they do:

  • color: Changes the text color (color: red;).

  • font-family: Specifies the font used (font-family: Arial, sans-serif;).

  • background-color: Sets the background color (background-color: lightblue;).

  • text-align: Aligns text within an element (text-align: center;).

  • margin: Adds space outside the element (margin: 20px;).

  • padding: Adds space inside the element (padding: 10px;).

CSS Short-Hand Properties

CSS also provides short-hand properties that allow you to group related properties together in one line. For example:

Instead of writing:

font-size: 16px;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: bold;

You can write:

font: bold 16px Arial, sans-serif;

Conclusion: Start Styling Your Web Pages with CSS!

CSS is an essential tool for anyone who wants to create beautiful, well-designed web pages. Now that you know the basics of CSS, you’re ready to experiment and start styling your own web pages. Whether you’re making a simple personal website or a complex web project, CSS will help you make your site look amazing and professional.

Remember:

  • Practice makes perfect: Try styling your web pages and experiment with different properties and values.

  • Stay creative: With CSS, the possibilities are endless! Customize your pages and explore new ways to make them stand out.

So, go ahead and start coding! Dive into the world of CSS and create your own fantastic websites today. Happy coding! 🎨💻

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