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1.6 Technical Terms
Networking
and Telecommunication
1.
The
transmission of data and information from one place to another for the purpose
of communication. Telecommunication
2.
An
interconnection of different devices using wired or wireless media to exchange
data and information. Network
3.
The
process of sending and receiving data and information between two or more than
two person. Communication.
4.
The
process of transferring data and information between computers and other
electronic devices. Data communication
5.
The
transmission of data or information that can take place in only one direction.
Simplex mode
6.
A
unidirectional mode of data transmission. Simplex mode
7.
Data
transmission in one direction only that is to send or receive only. Simplex
mode
8.
A
mode of data transmission in which data and information flow in both
directions. Duplex mode
9.
A
bi-directional mode of data transmission. Duplex mode
10. Data transmission
in both directions. Duplex mode
11. The transmission
of data and information that flows in both directions but only one direction at
a time. Half duplex mode
12. The transmission
of data and information that flows in both direction simultaneously on the
transmission path. Full duplex mode
13. The mode of data
communication in which data/information/signals are transmitted in both sides
simultaneously. [SEE 2080 S] [SEE 2080 BK]. Full duplex mode
14. A channel or path
through which data and information are transmitted between connected devices in
a network environment. Transmission Media
15. The media which
uses cable or wire to transfer data and information among computers. Guided
transmission media
16. A communication
channel in which data and information transferred between two devices without
using wire or cable. Unguided Transmission Media
17. A cable which is
made up of copper and a pair of wires are twisted together and insulated with
plastic. Twisted pair cable.
18. A cable which is
made up of copper or aluminum wire with an inner conductor surrounded by
insulating layer and again surrounded by conducting shield. Co-axial cable
19. A cable which uses
BNC and T connectors. Co-axial cable
20. A cable which uses
light wave to carry data signal from one end of cable to other end. Fiber optic cable
21. An electronic
magnetic wave which is used in rural and hilly areas. Radio wave transmission
22. A high frequency
wave which is used to transfer signals through atmosphere. Microwave transmission
23. An artificial
satellite placed in outer space for the purpose of telecommunication, radio,
television, Internet, etc. Satellite communication
24. The term relating to sending data to a satellite. Uplink
25. A group of two or
more computers and devices connected to each other through wired or wireless
media to exchange data and information and share hardware, software and other
resources. Computer network
26. Network sharing
and exchanging information between different people. [SLC 2070 S] Computer
network
27. A port on the back
of system unit to connect a computer in network. NIC card
28. A card used to
connect network cable to computer. [SLC 2066 S] [SLC 2071 S]. Network Interface
Card
29. An intelligent
device that has ability to determine the best possible path for data
transmission. Router
30. A network
connectivity device that interconnects two networks having dissimilar
communication protocols. Gateway
31. The device which
is used to connect two dissimilar networks. [SEE 2075 S2] [SEE 2073 U] [SEE
2080 PQ]. Gateway
32. A network
connectivity device that accepts weak signals and regenerates them and after
that sends the message on their way. Repeater
33. Network connecting
device that boosts the data signals. Repeater
34. Amplify the signal
for long-distance communication in microwave. Repeater
35. A device which
connects computers to ISP (Internet Service Provider) by the help of telephone
line or router device. MODEM (Modulator and Demodulator)
36. A device used at
end user’s computer in a network which converts digital signal into analog and
vice versa [SLC 2064] [SLC 2067 S] [SEE 2080 PL]. MODEM (Modulator and
Demodulator)
37. The device used to
connect PC with telephone line. [SLC 2068] [SEE 2080 PQ]. MODEM (Modulator and
Demodulator)
38. A company that
provides internet service [SLC 2070] [SLC 2072] [SLC 2067 S] [SEE 2075 U] [SEE
2078] [SEE 2080 PB] [SEE 2080 J]. ISP (Internet Service Provider)
39. The amount of data
that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period. Bandwidth
40. The data carrying
capacity of communication channel. [SLC 2068 S]. Bandwidth
41. The volume of bits
that can be transferred per second through the communication media. [SEE 2080
NP] [SEE 2075]. Bandwidth
42. Software which
controls and manages computer network. NOS (Network Operating System)
43. Operating system
that can handle network. NOS (Network Operating System)
44. A powerful program
that controls and coordinates a computer’s hardware devices and runs software
and applications. [SEE 2080 PB]. Operating System
45. A set of rules
followed for interconnection and communication between computers in a network .
Protocol.
46. A rule followed
while sending and receiving information using network software. Protocol
47. The rules that
make the network communication possible. [SLC 2068]. Protocol
48. A set of rules
that governs how computer exchange information over computer network. [SLC
2067] [SLC 2070 S] [SEE 2073 U]. Protocol
49. Rules and format
to accept and transfer data in the computer network. [SLC 2066]. Protocol
50. The first protocol
. NCP (Network Control Protocol)
51. The protocol used
by the Internet. TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
52. The protocol that
makes the network communication possible. [SEE 2080 PC]. TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
53. The protocol used
to transfer HTML documents in WWW. HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
54. The protocol used
in sending e-mail. SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol)
55. The protocol used
to retrieve / receive e-mail from a mail server. [SEE 2073]. POP (Post Office
Protocol)
56. A server where
incoming emails are collected in mailbox. Mail server
57. The protocol used
to transmitting files between computers.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
58. Transmitting files
between computers. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
59. An internet tool
that helps to upload/download the file. [SLC 2067] [SEE 2080P]. FTP (File
Transfer Protocol)
60. The process of
sending file from user’s computer to web server. [SEE 2075 S2] [SEE 2079 NP].
Uploading
61. The process of transferring data from a remote or central
computer to a local device. Downloading
62. A network limited
within a small area like a room, a building, school, college, etc. generally
connected through wire media. LAN (Local Area Network)
63. A computer network
limited within a room. [SLC 2065] LAN (Local Area Network)
64. A network within
the area like valley, city, metropolitan, etc. connected through wire or
wireless technology or media. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
65. A network that is
extended to a large area i.e. world in which computers are connected through
wireless technology or media as satellite communication. WAN (Wide Area
Network)
66. It defines how the
computer communicates and interacts with each other on network. Network
architecture
67. A type of network
where all nodes on the network have an equal relationship with each other. Peer
to peer network
68. A type of network
in which every computer works as both client and server. [SEE 2073] [SEE 2080
P] [SEE 2075 U] [SEE 2078 PM]. Peer to peer network
69. A network model
where one or more powerful computers (servers) provide the different network
services and all other users of computer network (clients) access those
services to perform user's tasks. Client – Server Network
70. A computer in a
network which can provide services to other computer [SLC 2070] [SLC 2072] [SEE
2074] [SEE 2080 PA]. Server
71. The computer on
which users run applications. Client
72. Each computer or
device on a network. Node
73. A main computer in
the computer network [SLC 2068] [SEE 2074 U] [SEE 2080 PD] [SEE 2080 P]. Server
74. A powerful
computer which controls and co-ordinates all computers connected in a network
[SEE 2075]. Server
75. The
inter-connected pattern of network components.
Network topology
76. Physical layout of
computers in a network / LAN. [SEE 2080 PB] [SLC 2069] [SEE 2074] [SLC 2071 S]
[SEE 2079 NP]. Network topology
77. Cabling structure
of LAN. Network topology
78. The arrangement or
connection patterns of computers or nodes and others resources. [SEE 2078 NP].
Network topology
79. The type of
topology which uses a segment of single cable to connect nodes. Bus topology
80. A topology which
forms a closed-loop as each computer is connected to another computer with the
last one connected to the first. Ring topology.
81. A type of topology
which connects all nodes to central device called hub/switch through a cable.
Star topology
82. Hub or switch
based network topology. [SLC 2068 S]. Star topology
83. The world wide
connection of computer networks and that uses TCP/IP protocols to communicate
with one another using wire or wireless media as well as network devices .
Internet.
84. Network of
networks. [SLC 2065 S] [SLC 2067 S] [SLC 2071 S] [SEE 2079 GP] [SEE 2078
GP]. Internet
85. The
interconnection of computers that are spread all over the world. Internet
86. The interlinked
collection of hypertext documents and multimedia content available on internet.
WWW (World Wide Web)
87. Sending and
receiving messages electronically through the internet. E-mail
88. The service on the
Internet which sends and receives messages electronically through the Internet.
E-mail
89. The message which
can be exchanged around the world using internet. E-mail.
90. The facility of
Internet that allows user to use a remote computer through Internet. Telnet
91. The communication
program that searches documents on the basis of specified keywords and returns
a list of the web links that matches the keywords. Search Engine
92. The websites that
search documents for specified keywords in WWW. Search Engine
93. A software which
enables to view HTML pages in the Internet. [SEE 2073 U]. Web Browser
94. Software require
for browsing and surfing content on the WWW. [SEE 2080 P]. Web Browser
95. The service of
internet which allows people from all over the world to communicate in
real-time. IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
96. The service of
internet which allows a user to conduct financial transactions through
Internet. Online Banking
97. The buying and
selling of goods, products, or services through Internet. [SLC 2065] [SLC 2071]
[SEE 2074] SLC 2065 S]. E-Commerce
98. Business through
internet. [SLC 2069] [SEE 2078 PM]. E-Commerce
99. A unique numerical
identifier for every device or network that connects to the internet. [SEE 2080
PB]. IP Address
100.
A
character (such as asterisk or question mark) that stands for any other
character, or series of any character [SLC 2064]. Wild card character
Ethical and Social Issues in ICT
1.
A
set of moral principles or code of conducts that regulate the use of computers
systematically without making harm to other users. Computer ethics
2.
Moral
rules to be followed by computer and other professionals. [SLC 2066]. Computer
ethics
3.
A
code of behaviour for using the Internet. Cyber ethics
4.
The
moral principles that control cybercrime. [SLC 2071] [SLC 2068 S] [SLC 2071 S].
Computer ethics
5.
The
use of technology as a measure of behaviour responsible for a digital society.
Digital Citizenship
6.
The
bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, and
tablets. Cyberbullying
7.
Crimes
committed using electronic devices and cyber space. [SEE 2077 M] . [SEE 2075
S2]. Cyber crime
8.
Illegal
activities committed through the use of computers and Internet. [SEE 2075].
Cyber crime
9.
The
rules and regulations to systematize the computer related technology. [SLC 2065
S]. Cyber law
10. The legal issues
related to using of inter-networked information technology. Cyber Law
11. Law regarding
internet (or Legal issues of Cyber Space). [SLC 2065]. Cyber Law
12. Laws made to
prevent criminal activities through the internet. [SEE 2080 PQ]. Cyber Law
13. The law that
controls cyber crime. [SEE 2073] [SEE 2074] [SEE 2074 U] [SEE 2075 U]. Cyber
law
14. The law that
governs the legal issue of cyberspace [SLC 2064] [SLC 2069 S] [SEE 2076 M] [SEE
2080 PQ]. Cyber law
15. A term that
encapsulates the legal issues related to the use of communicative,
transactional, and distributive aspects of networked information devices and
technologies. Cyber Law
16. The protection of
computer systems and sensitive information from unauthorized access, theft or
damage. [SEE 2080P]. Cyber security
17. The virtual
environment created by the Internet and devices and services related to the
Internet. Cyberspace
18. A process of
performing a variety of tech-enabled activities via virtual communities and
network. Social media
19. A collective
online communications channels dedicated to community based input, interaction,
content sharing and collaboration. [SEE 2078 PM]. Social Media
20. A person utilizing
information technology (IT) in order to engage in society, politics, and
government. Digital citizen
21. The recording of
interaction with the digital world. Digital Footprint
22. An invisible
report card which is stored for many years. Digital Footprint
23. Digital marks
created while using Internet. [SEE 2080 PC] [SEE 2079 B]. Digital Footprint
24. Combination of
information technology and telecommunication technology. Information and
Communication Technology (ICT)
25. The issues related
to cybercrime and also help in making and implementing laws over cybercrime.
ETA ( Electronic Transaction Act)
Computer Security
1.
The
protecting of computer and its content from damage, theft or misuse and action
to prevent such incidents. Computer security
2.
The
fake attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and
credit card details by disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity in an
electronic communication. [SEE 2079 PQ]. Phishing
3.
A
logical collection of Internet-connected devices such as computers, smartphones
or internet of things (IoT) devices whose security have been breached and
control is given away to a third party. Botnet
4.
A malicious code (kit) that hides in system
area provides continued Administrator's (root) privileged access to a computer
while actively hiding its presence. Rootkit
5.
A
hardware or software for recording the keys pressed on a keyboard secretly so
that person using the keyboard does not know that their actions are being
monitored. Keylogger
6.
An
illegal activity and the individuals who are engaged in hacking. / A person who steals or destroys other’s
data, information and program [SLC 2070] [SLC 2072]. Hacker
7.
A
skilled computer expert who uses his/her technical knowledge to overcome a
problem. Hacker
8.
Hacking
done with permission from the client. [SEE 2079 S] [SEE 2080 R]. Ethical
Hacking
9.
A
kind of harmful computer code or web script designed to create system
vulnerabilities leading to back doors, security breaches, information and data
theft, and other potential damages to files and computing systems. Malicious
code
10. The process of
identifying an individual usually based on a username and password. [SEE 2079
S] . Authentication system
11. A memorized secret
used to confirm the identity of a user. Password
12. Secret word that
gives a user access to a particular program / system or to protect system from
unauthorized person [SLC 2064] [SLC 2069] [SLC 2065 S] [SLC 2070 S] [SEE 2080]
[SEE 2080 PB] [SEE 2080 PH] [SEE 2078 P]. Password
13. The combination of
username and password that is used to access a resource. Credentials
14. Only numbers are
allowed in the secret code. PIN (Personal Identification Number).
15. The uniquely
identifying method by evaluating one or more distinguishing biological traits.
Biometric
16. The measurement of
things such as fingerprints and retinal scans used for security access.
Biometric
17. The network
security systems that monitors and controls the traffic flow between the
Internet and private network or private computer on the basis of a set of
user-defined rules. [SEE 2080 S] .
Firewall
18. The study of
secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended
recipient of a message to view its contents. Cryptography
19. The technology to
encode file or message that is being stored or transferred online in
intelligible content which cannot be used by an unauthorized person. [SEE 2079
PQ] . Encryption
20. The process of
converting plain text to cipher text. [SEE 2080 P]. / Making data and information unreadable by
unauthorized person. [SEE PABSON PL] Encryption
21. The method by
which information is converted into secret code that hides the information's
true meaning. [SEE 2080 R]. Encryption
22. The conversion of
encrypted data into its original form. Decryption
23. A program that
copies itself and infects a PC, spreading from one file to another, and then
from one PC to another when the files are copied or shared. Computer virus
24. A program that
destroys other program. [SLC 2065] [SEE 2080 PQ]. Computer virus
25. A program that
effect the normal functioning of computer. [SLC 2068]. Computer virus
26. A general term
used to describe all of the viruses, spyware, worms, adware, trojan. Malware
27. A malicious
program of computer that damages data and Software. [SEE 2080 PD] [SEE 2077 M].
Malware
28. Any software
installed on PC that collects your information without user’s knowledge and
sends that information back to the creator so they can use your personal
information in some immoral way. Spyware
29. An application
that look like they are doing something harmless, but secretly have malicious
code that does something else. Trojan
30. A software
application used by companies for marketing purposes; advertising banners are
displayed while any program is running. Adware
31. A computer program
used to prevent, detect, and remove malware / computer virus. [SLC 2066 S] .
Antivirus software
32. A program that can
disinfect a file from virus [SLC 2070] [SLC 2072] [SEE 2079] [SEE 2078 GP] .
Antivirus software
33. The software that
protects computer virus. [SLC 2069] [SEE 2079 GP] [SEE 2078 GP] . Antivirus
software
34. The system of
copying data and programs into another location or creating a duplicate copy of
it’s in a secured place. [SEE 2078] . Backup
35. Making an
extra / duplicate copy of data and
software for security purpose. [SLC 2066] [SLC 2066 S]. [SLC 2067] [SEE 2075].
Backup
36. A spare copy of
important program and documents. [SLC 2069 S]. Backup
37. The process of
making copies of data or data files to use in the event the original data or
data files are lost or destroyed. [SEE 2080 NP]. Backup
38. A way to get the
investment – whole or part of it – back in case, the computer system is damaged
because of theft, vandalism or natural calamities like fire or flood. Insurance
39. An electronic
device that supply electronic current when electricity is cut off. [SLC 2067 S]
[SEE 2073 U]. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
40. Device used for
power protection. [SLC 2066 S]. Volt guard
E-commerce
1.
The
electronic transactions such as buying, selling and exchanging of goods,
services and information over computer communication network such as the
Internet. E-Commerce
2.
The
process of buying and selling or exchanging of products, services and
information through the Internet. E-Commerce
3.
The
type of E-Commerce which establishes the electronic business relationships
between a business organization (merchant) and final consumers.
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
4.
A
type of e-commerce which is conducted between companies. Business-to-Business
(B2B)
5.
A
type of e-commerce which is conducted between consumers. Consumer-to-Consumer
(C2C)
6.
The
process of buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld
devices such as smartphones, tablets or personal digital assistants (PDAs).
M-Commerce
7.
Commercial
transaction through mobile devices. / Commerce done by mobile. [SEE 2078 NP]
M-Commerce
8.
The
payment for buying goods or services through the Internet using different
online payment gateway. Online Payment
9.
Paying
money in E-Commerce using internet. [SEE 2080 P]. Online Payment
10. The money that is
exchanged electrically. [SEE 2080 PA]. Digital Currency
Contemporary
Technology
1.
A
technology that allows users to access and use of computing resources, like
servers and software, over the internet. Cloud Computing
2.
A
type of cloud service where customer can use processing, storage, networking,
and other computing resources from cloud service providers to run their
software system. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
3.
A
type of cloud service where Customer subscribes the software services from a
vendor for an annual subscription fee or sometimes free and use it over
Internet. Software as a Service (SaaS)
4.
A
type of cloud service where Customer use infrastructure and programming tools
and environment supported by the vendors to develop their own applications.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
5.
A cloud
computing environment dedicated to a single organization. Private Cloud
6.
A type of
cloud computing that is delivered via the internet and shared across
organizations. Public Cloud
7.
Combination
of private and public cloud. [SEE 2080 PH]. Hybrid Cloud
8.
An emerging branch in computer science,
which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human
beings. Artificial intelligence (AI)
9.
A
systems or machines that mimic human intelligence to perform tasks and can
iteratively improve themselves based on the information they collect.
Artificial intelligence (AI)
10.
A
set of services provided by the government to public via electronic media
especially using Internet. E-Governance
11.
The transaction between
the government to citizens. Government-to-Citizen(G2C)
12.
The transaction between
government to business. Government-to-business (G2B)
13.
The transaction between
government to government. Government-to-Government (G2G)
14.
the transaction between
government to employee. Government-to-Employee (G2E)
15.
The
use of computer technology to create a simulated environment. Virtual Reality
(VR)
16.
An
artificial environment created by a computer system that appears real. [SEE
2080]. Virtual Reality
17.
A
variety of devices that allow people to access data and information from
wherever they are. Mobile computing
18.
A
system of interrelated computing device to exchange information over a network
without human-to-human or human to computer interaction. IoT (Internet of
Things)
19.
Learning
through electronic media. [SLC 2070 S] [SEE 2074 U] [SEE 2079] [SEE 2078 GP].
E-Learning
20.
a
new concept of delivering digital contents in learner oriented environment
using information and communication technology (ICT). E-Learning
21.
A digital banking system that enables customers to conduct financial
transactions and manage their accounts online through the internet or mobile
apps without the need for a physical visit to a bank branch. E-banking
22.
A facility offered by
banks and financial institutions that allow customers to use banking services
over the internet. Internet Banking
23.
The act of making
financial transactions on a mobile device (cell phone, tablet, etc.). Mobile
banking
24.
The
smallest unit to represent information on a quantum computer. [SEE 2076 M] [SEE
2078 PM] [SEE 2080 PQ] [SEE 2080 J]. Qubit
25. The process of
repeatedly executing some code until condition satisfies. [SEE 2079 B]. Looping
